Microsoft Azure Interview Questions in Thiruvananthapuram
36 practice questions with answers for Microsoft Azure interviews in Thiruvananthapuram.
Microsoft Azure jobs in Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram's Technopark is one of India's oldest IT parks, hosting IT-services, product and engineering-services companies. Data and testing teams here often work with global clients in finance, travel and healthcare.
Below are 36 questions that match the mix of service, product and domain employers hiring azure cloud support associates in Thiruvananthapuram.
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01
A VM in a spoke cannot reach a VM in another spoke. What could be wrong?
Peering is not transitive, so spoke to spoke traffic needs a route through the hub. Check that both spokes have UDRs pointing the other spoke's range to the hub firewall, that peerings allow forwarded traffic, and that firewall network rules allow the flow. Then check NSGs on both subnets and NICs and the guest OS firewall. Use Network Watcher next hop and IP flow verify to confirm.
02
Your Azure Function has slow first responses after idle periods. What can you do?
That is cold start: the plan scaled to zero and must load a new instance. Options are moving to Flex Consumption with always-ready instances or the Premium plan with pre-warmed instances, reducing package size and dependencies, and choosing a faster-starting runtime. A timer ping is a hack that is not reliable. For strict latency APIs, a dedicated plan or Container Apps with minimum replicas is better.
03
Write a basic Terraform configuration for a resource group and VNet with remote state.
All Azure Storage, managed disks and Azure SQL data is encrypted at rest with AES-256 by default using Microsoft-managed keys. You can switch to customer-managed keys in Key Vault for control over rotation and revocation, and use double encryption or confidential computing for stricter needs. In transit, services use TLS 1.2 or higher, and you should enforce HTTPS only and minimum TLS version settings.
05
Explain the hierarchy of management groups, subscriptions, resource groups and resources.
A tenant (Microsoft Entra ID directory) holds a root management group. Management groups contain subscriptions, subscriptions contain resource groups, and resource groups contain resources such as VMs and storage accounts. Policies and RBAC assigned at a higher level are inherited downward. Subscriptions are also billing and quota boundaries, so companies often separate prod, non-prod and sandbox into different subscriptions.
06
What is the difference between a VPN Gateway and ExpressRoute?
A VPN Gateway creates encrypted IPsec tunnels over the public internet, for site-to-site or point-to-site connections, and is quick and cheap to set up. ExpressRoute is a private dedicated connection through a connectivity provider with predictable latency and bandwidth up to 100 Gbps, but it does not encrypt by default. Many companies use ExpressRoute as primary and a VPN as backup.
07
Describe a production incident you handled and what you learned.
Situation: an App Service API began returning 502 errors during peak hours. Task: restore service and find the root cause. Action: I scaled out to stop impact, then found in Application Insights that outbound SQL connections were exhausting SNAT ports. I added connection pooling and VNet integration with a NAT gateway. Result: errors stopped, and I wrote a postmortem and added a SNAT alert.
08
What is the difference between the activity log and resource logs?
The activity log records control-plane operations at subscription level, such as who created, updated or deleted a resource, and service health events. It is kept for 90 days unless exported. Resource logs record data-plane activity inside a resource, such as Key Vault secret reads or SQL audit events, and must be enabled with diagnostic settings to send them to Log Analytics, Storage or Event Hubs.
09
Someone changed production resources manually in the portal. How do you detect and handle drift?
Detect drift by running Bicep what-if or terraform plan on a schedule and failing the run on unexpected differences, and by alerting on activity log write events from users rather than pipeline identities. Decide whether the manual change was a valid hotfix; if so, add it to code, otherwise redeploy to restore. Then reduce write access in production to the pipeline identity plus PIM break-glass.
10
What are RPO and RTO and how do they guide Azure designs?
RPO, recovery point objective, is the maximum acceptable data loss measured in time. RTO, recovery time objective, is how long recovery may take. A daily backup gives an RPO of up to 24 hours. Site Recovery gives an RPO of seconds to minutes and an RTO of minutes to hours. SQL failover groups give an RPO of seconds. Lower RPO and RTO cost more, so agree targets per application.
11
Create a VNet with two subnets and an NSG rule using Azure CLI.
An elastic pool shares a set of resources, in eDTUs or vCores, among many Azure SQL databases on one logical server. It suits SaaS apps with a database per tenant, where individual usage peaks at different times. Instead of sizing each database for its peak, you size the pool for combined usage and set per-database min and max limits. Too many busy databases at once will contend for resources.
An NSG is a stateful packet filter with allow and deny rules on source, destination, port and protocol, processed by priority from 100 to 4096, lower number first. It attaches to a subnet, a NIC or both, and both must allow the traffic. Default rules allow VNet-to-VNet and outbound internet traffic and deny other inbound traffic. Service tags and application security groups simplify rules.
14
Write a Resource Graph query to list unattached managed disks.
Unattached disks keep billing, so this is a common cost check:
Resources
| where type =~ 'microsoft.compute/disks'
| where properties.diskState =~ 'Unattached'
| project name, resourceGroup, subscriptionId,
sku = sku.name, sizeGb = properties.diskSizeGB
Run it with az graph query -q or in the Resource Graph Explorer.
15
A developer ran a DELETE without a WHERE clause on production. How do you recover?
Stop further writes if possible and note the exact time of the mistake. Use point-in-time restore to create a new copy of the database from a minute before the delete. Then copy the missing rows back into production with INSERT SELECT across databases or a data export, rather than replacing the whole database, which would lose later legitimate changes. Afterwards restrict direct write access in production.
16
How do you configure autoscale for an App Service plan?
In the plan's Scale out settings, choose rules-based autoscale or automatic scaling. A typical rule set: scale out by 1 instance when average CPU exceeds 70% for 10 minutes, scale in by 1 when below 30% for 10 minutes, minimum 2 and maximum 10 instances. Always pair scale-out with a scale-in rule and a cool-down period so the plan does not flap between sizes.
17
Write a KQL query for the top 10 slowest requests in Application Insights over the last day.
Query the requests table, summarise duration and sort:
requests
| where timestamp > ago(1d)
| summarize count(), avgDuration = avg(duration),
p95 = percentile(duration, 95) by name
| top 10 by p95 desc
In a workspace-based resource, the table is AppRequests with TimeGenerated and DurationMs columns instead.
18
Write a Bicep file that creates a storage account with parameters.
Check the VM is running and passed boot diagnostics via the serial console or screenshot. Use Network Watcher IP flow verify and effective security rules to see if an NSG blocks port 3389. Check the route table, any firewall and whether the VM has a public IP or you should use Bastion. Inside the OS, use Run Command to check the RDP service and Windows firewall. Reset the configuration if needed.
Disable shared key access where possible and use Entra ID with RBAC roles like Storage Blob Data Reader. Use managed identities for apps. Disable public blob access, require TLS 1.2, restrict the firewall to selected VNets, or use private endpoints and disable public network access. Enable soft delete, versioning and Defender for Storage, and keep keys, if any, in Key Vault with rotation.
21
What is Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) and what does Azure manage for you?
AKS is managed Kubernetes. Azure runs the control plane, including the API server and etcd, and handles upgrades and its availability. You manage node pools, which are VM scale sets, plus workloads, networking choices and add-ons. AKS integrates with Entra ID for cluster login, Azure CNI for pod networking, ACR for images, Key Vault via CSI driver and Azure Monitor Container Insights for logs and metrics.
Microsoft runs Central India (Pune), South India (Chennai) and West India (Mumbai) as public regions, plus Jio India West and Jio India Central for specific customers. Central India supports availability zones. Indian companies pick these regions for low latency and for data residency needs such as RBI guidelines on payment data, often pairing Central India with South India for disaster recovery.
23
What is the difference between a service endpoint and a private endpoint?
A service endpoint extends the VNet identity to a PaaS service so its firewall can allow your subnet, but the service still uses its public IP. A private endpoint puts a private IP from your subnet on a specific resource instance, so traffic never needs the public endpoint and works from peered networks and on-premises. Private endpoints are preferred for strict security but need private DNS setup.
24
Create an Azure SQL Database with Entra-only authentication using Azure CLI.
Create the logical server with an Entra admin group and no SQL logins, then the database:
az sql server create -g rg-data -n sql-shop-prod -l centralindia \
--enable-ad-only-auth \
--external-admin-principal-type Group \
--external-admin-name grp-sql-admins \
--external-admin-sid <group-object-id>
az sql db create -g rg-data -s sql-shop-prod -n shopdb \
--edition GeneralPurpose --family Gen5 --capacity 2 \
--zone-redundant true --backup-storage-redundancy Zone
25
Tell me about a time you fixed a networking issue under pressure.
Situation: after a firewall change, payment APIs in our spoke could not reach a partner endpoint. Task: restore traffic quickly. Action: I used Network Watcher next hop and firewall logs in Log Analytics, found the new rule collection had higher priority and denied the partner FQDN, and added an explicit allow. Result: service recovered in 25 minutes, and we added pipeline-based firewall rule reviews.
26
What is Infrastructure as Code and why use it on Azure?
Infrastructure as Code defines resources in versioned files, such as Bicep, ARM JSON or Terraform, instead of clicking in the portal. It makes environments repeatable, reviewable through pull requests and quick to rebuild after failure. Drift between dev, test and prod drops because all are deployed from the same templates with different parameters. It also documents the setup and enables automated policy checks before deployment.
27
Write an Azure Pipelines YAML that builds a .NET app and deploys it to App Service.
A service connection stores how a pipeline authenticates to an external service, such as an Azure subscription, a container registry or Kubernetes. For Azure, the recommended type uses workload identity federation, where the pipeline exchanges an OIDC token for an Entra token with no secret to rotate. Scope it to the right subscription or resource group and restrict which pipelines may use it through approvals and checks.
29
How do you decide between IaaS and PaaS for migrating an on-premises application?
Start with constraints. If the app needs OS-level access, custom drivers or legacy software, a lift-and-shift to VMs is fastest. If it is a standard .NET, Java or Node web app with SQL Server, App Service plus Azure SQL removes patching and gives built-in scaling. Many teams lift and shift first to meet a datacenter exit date, then modernise to PaaS in a later phase.
30
How do you handle a failed release that affected customers?
Situation: a release broke login for some mobile users on a Friday evening. Task: restore service fast and prevent repeats. Action: I swapped the App Service slot back to the previous version within ten minutes, informed support, then reproduced the bug in staging and found a missing config value. Result: we added config validation and smoke tests on login to the pipeline, and wrote a blameless postmortem.
31
How do you let an App Service connect to Azure SQL using its managed identity?
Enable the app's managed identity, then in the database, connected as an Entra admin, create a user for it and grant roles:
CREATE USER [app-shop-prod] FROM EXTERNAL PROVIDER;
ALTER ROLE db_datareader ADD MEMBER [app-shop-prod];
ALTER ROLE db_datawriter ADD MEMBER [app-shop-prod];
Use a connection string with Authentication=Active Directory Default, so no password is stored anywhere.
32
Read a blob in Python using DefaultAzureCredential.
DefaultAzureCredential uses a managed identity in Azure and your CLI login locally, so no keys are stored:
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
from azure.storage.blob import BlobServiceClient
url = 'https://stshopprod.blob.core.windows.net'
client = BlobServiceClient(url, credential=DefaultAzureCredential())
blob = client.get_blob_client('invoices', '2026/inv-1001.pdf')
data = blob.download_blob().readall()
print(len(data))
33
Your manager asks you to estimate the monthly cost of a new Azure application. How do you do it?
List every component, such as App Service plan, Azure SQL tier, storage, bandwidth and monitoring, and model them in the Azure Pricing Calculator for the right region, Central India for example. Include egress, log ingestion and backup storage, which teams often forget. Compare pay-as-you-go with reservations or savings plans, then set a budget with alerts in Cost Management once deployed.
34
How do you prioritise when several alerts fire at the same time?
Situation: during a release night, CPU, disk and payment error alerts fired together. Task: decide what to handle first. Action: I ranked by customer impact, so payment failures came first, checked Service Health for a platform issue, assigned disk and CPU checks to a teammate and kept a running update in the incident channel. Result: payments recovered quickly and we tuned the noisy CPU alerts afterwards.
35
Write a simple HTTP-triggered Azure Function in Python (v2 programming model).
The v2 model uses decorators in function_app.py, so no function.json is needed:
import azure.functions as func
app = func.FunctionApp(http_auth_level=func.AuthLevel.FUNCTION)
@app.route(route='hello', methods=['GET'])
def hello(req: func.HttpRequest) -> func.HttpResponse:
name = req.params.get('name', 'world')
return func.HttpResponse(f'Hello, {name}', status_code=200)
Callers pass the function key in the code query parameter or x-functions-key header.
36
How do you migrate an on-premises SQL Server database to Azure SQL Managed Instance?
Assess with Azure Migrate or the Azure SQL migration extension in Azure Data Studio to find compatibility issues and size the target. For minimal downtime, use the Managed Instance link or Log Replay Service to continuously replicate, then cut over in minutes. For smaller databases, an offline native backup to Blob Storage and RESTORE FROM URL works. Test application connectivity and performance before switching.
Few big employers listed in Thiruvananthapuram?
Many Thiruvananthapuram candidates also apply to teams in Bangalore and to remote or hybrid roles. Practise the Bangalore set as well.
Which companies hire Microsoft Azure professionals in Thiruvananthapuram?
Companies with large offices in Thiruvananthapuram include many IT services and product firms. Use their company pages below to practise employer-specific sets.
Are Microsoft Azure interviews in Thiruvananthapuram different from other cities?
The questions depend more on the company than the city. Thiruvananthapuram's mix of employers decides the style: Data and testing teams here often work with global clients in finance, travel and healthcare
How do I find Microsoft Azure jobs in Thiruvananthapuram?
Shortlist companies with Thiruvananthapuram offices, keep your CV focused on Microsoft Azure projects, apply on company career pages and job portals with the Thiruvananthapuram filter, and practise the questions on this page before each interview.