Understanding your salary slip
The components you'll see
Basic salary is the anchor. It is usually 40–50% of CTC, and HRA, EPF and gratuity are all calculated as a percentage of it. A higher basic means more retirement savings but a smaller monthly cheque.
HRA is paid to cover rent. It is exempt from tax under the old regime, but only to the extent of the lowest of three numbers: the actual HRA in your CTC, rent paid minus 10% of basic, or 50% of basic in a metro (40% elsewhere).
Special allowance is the balancing figure — whatever is left in the CTC after every other component is fixed. It is fully taxable.
EPF takes 12% of basic from you and a matching 12% from your employer. Many companies cap it at ₹1,800 a month by using the ₹15,000 wage ceiling.
Gratuity is set aside at 4.81% of basic and paid only after five years of service, so it inflates your CTC without touching your monthly income.
Gross salary is not CTC
CTC is everything the company spends on you. Gross salary is what it pays you before deductions. The gap between the two is the employer's EPF share plus gratuity — real money, but not spendable money.
Gross salary = Basic + HRA + Special allowance
In-hand salary = Gross salary − (Income tax + Your EPF + Professional tax)
A worked example
On a ₹12,00,000 CTC with a ₹1,20,000 bonus, basic at 50%, EPF at ₹1,800 a month and the new regime:
| Basic salary (50% of CTC) | ₹6,00,000 |
| HRA (50% of basic) | ₹3,00,000 |
| Special allowance (balance) | ₹1,29,540 |
| Gross salary | ₹10,29,540 |
| Less: your EPF | ₹21,600 |
| Less: income tax (new regime, after ₹60,000 rebate) | ₹0 |
| Less: professional tax | ₹2,400 |
| Annual take-home | ₹10,05,540 |
| Monthly in-hand | ₹83,795 |
Change any input above and the calculator redoes this table for your own numbers.
Old regime or new?
The new regime for FY 2026-26 gives you a ₹75,000 standard deduction and charges no tax up to ₹12,00,000 of taxable income, but it drops HRA exemption, 80C, 80D and almost every other deduction. The old regime keeps those deductions and a ₹50,000 standard deduction, with tax starting at ₹2,50,000.
The rule of thumb: if you pay significant rent and already invest ₹1.5 lakh under 80C, run both. The calculator above shows you the difference in rupees, which beats any rule of thumb.