import csv

def load_users(path="users.csv"):
    with open(path, newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        return list(csv.DictReader(f))

for row in load_users():
    print(row["username"], row["expected"])

# users.csv
# username,password,expected
# standard_user,secret_sauce,success
# locked_out_user,secret_sauce,locked

import json

def load_config(path="config.json"):
    with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
        cfg = json.load(f)
    for key in ("base_url", "browser"):
        if key not in cfg:
            raise KeyError(f"Missing '{key}' in {path}")
    return cfg

print(load_config()["base_url"])

import pytest

def discount(amount):
    if amount >= 1000:
        return amount * 0.9
    return amount

@pytest.mark.parametrize("amount, expected", [
    (500, 500),
    (999, 999),
    (1000, 900),
    (2000, 1800),
])
def test_discount(amount, expected):
    assert discount(amount) == expected

# pytest.ini
[pytest]
markers =
    smoke: quick checks run on every commit
    regression: full suite

# in a test file
import pytest

@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_home_page_loads():
    assert True

# run only smoke tests
# pytest -m smoke -q

# pip install requests pytest
import requests

BASE = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com"

def test_get_post():
    r = requests.get(f"{BASE}/posts/1", timeout=10)
    assert r.status_code == 200
    body = r.json()
    assert body["id"] == 1
    assert "title" in body

def test_create_post():
    payload = {"title": "qa", "body": "test", "userId": 1}
    r = requests.post(f"{BASE}/posts", json=payload, timeout=10)
    assert r.status_code == 201
    assert r.json()["title"] == "qa"

import re
from pathlib import Path

pattern = re.compile(r"\b(ERROR|CRITICAL)\b")
for log in Path("logs").glob("*.log"):
    for n, line in enumerate(log.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines(), 1):
        if pattern.search(line):
            print(f"{log.name}:{n}: {line.strip()}")

python-qa-framework/
├── tests/
│   ├── api/
│   │   └── test_posts.py
│   └── ui/
│       └── test_login.py
├── pages/            # page objects for UI tests
├── data/
│   └── users.csv
├── conftest.py       # shared fixtures
├── pytest.ini        # markers and options
├── requirements.txt
└── README.md

# conftest.py — shared fixtures
import pytest
import requests

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def base_url():
    return "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com"

@pytest.fixture
def api(base_url):
    s = requests.Session()
    s.headers.update({"Accept": "application/json"})
    yield s
    s.close()

Python for Testers — Tracker
☐ Data types, loops, functions
☐ Reading CSV and JSON
☐ Exceptions
☐ Classes (for page objects)
☐ pytest asserts and fixtures
☐ parametrize and markers
☐ requests for API tests
☐ Selenium or Playwright with Python
☐ HTML or JUnit reports
☐ Running tests in CI