from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    driver.get("https://www.saucedemo.com/")   # public practice site
    driver.find_element(By.ID, "user-name").send_keys("standard_user")
    driver.find_element(By.ID, "password").send_keys("secret_sauce")
    driver.find_element(By.ID, "login-button").click()
    assert "inventory" in driver.current_url
    print("Login test passed")
finally:
    driver.quit()

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class LoginTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        try {
            driver.get("https://www.saucedemo.com/");
            driver.findElement(By.id("user-name")).sendKeys("standard_user");
            driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("secret_sauce");
            driver.findElement(By.id("login-button")).click();
            System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("inventory"));
        } finally {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
button = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(
    (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "[data-test='add-to-cart-sauce-labs-backpack']")))
button.click()

badge = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(
    (By.CLASS_NAME, "shopping_cart_badge")))
assert badge.text == "1"

Locator Rules of Thumb
1. Prefer id or data-test attributes
2. Use short CSS selectors next
3. Use XPath for text matching or parent navigation
4. Never copy long absolute XPaths like /html/body/div[3]/div[2]/...
5. Never use time.sleep() as a wait strategy
6. One locator per element, stored in the page object

# pages/login_page.py
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class LoginPage:
    URL = "https://www.saucedemo.com/"
    USER = (By.ID, "user-name")
    PASS = (By.ID, "password")
    BTN = (By.ID, "login-button")

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def open(self):
        self.driver.get(self.URL)
        return self

    def login(self, user, pwd):
        self.driver.find_element(*self.USER).send_keys(user)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.PASS).send_keys(pwd)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.BTN).click()

# tests/test_login.py
import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from pages.login_page import LoginPage

@pytest.fixture
def driver():
    d = webdriver.Chrome()
    yield d
    d.quit()

def test_valid_login(driver):
    LoginPage(driver).open().login("standard_user", "secret_sauce")
    assert "inventory" in driver.current_url

Test Case
ID: TC_LOGIN_01
Title: Valid user can log in
Preconditions: user exists, site reachable
Steps:
  1. Open login page
  2. Enter valid username and password
  3. Click Login
Expected: inventory page opens
Automated: Yes   File: tests/test_login.py
Priority: High

selenium-framework/
├── pages/
│   ├── login_page.py
│   └── cart_page.py
├── tests/
│   ├── test_login.py
│   └── test_cart.py
├── conftest.py        # shared fixtures
├── config.yaml        # base URL, browser
├── requirements.txt
└── README.md

Selenium Skill Tracker
☐ Open pages and find elements
☐ CSS and XPath locators
☐ Explicit waits
☐ Handle alerts, frames, windows
☐ Dropdowns and file uploads
☐ Screenshots on failure
☐ Page Object Model
☐ pytest or TestNG runner
☐ Run on Selenium Grid
☐ Run in CI pipeline