Why Every Python Developer Should Learn Selenium in 2026

# pip install selenium
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
    driver.find_element(By.NAME, "my-text").send_keys("Uncodemy")
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button").click()
    message = driver.find_element(By.ID, "message").text
    assert message == "Received!"
    print("Test passed")
finally:
    driver.quit()

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
button = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "submit")))
button.click()
banner = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".alert-success")))
assert "Saved" in banner.text

# conftest.py
import pytest
from selenium import webdriver

@pytest.fixture
def driver():
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    options.add_argument("--headless=new")
    drv = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
    drv.implicitly_wait(0)
    yield drv
    drv.quit()

# pages/login_page.py
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class LoginPage:
    EMAIL = (By.ID, "email")
    PASSWORD = (By.ID, "password")
    SUBMIT = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "[data-test=login]")

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def login(self, email, password):
        self.driver.find_element(*self.EMAIL).send_keys(email)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.PASSWORD).send_keys(password)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.SUBMIT).click()

# tests/test_login.py
def test_valid_login(driver):
    driver.get("http://localhost:8000/login")
    LoginPage(driver).login("demo@example.com", "demo-pass")
    WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.url_contains("/dashboard"))

name: e2e
on: [push]
jobs:
  selenium:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with: { python-version: "3.12" }
      - run: pip install -r requirements.txt
      - run: pytest tests/ -n 4 --junitxml=reports/e2e.xml

# conftest.py (add to existing file)
import pytest

@pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_runtest_makereport(item, call):
    outcome = yield
    report = outcome.get_result()
    if report.when == "call" and report.failed:
        driver = item.funcargs.get("driver")
        if driver:
            driver.save_screenshot(f"reports/{item.name}.png")

e2e-tests/
├── conftest.py          # driver fixture, screenshot hook
├── pytest.ini           # markers and default options
├── requirements.txt
├── pages/
│   ├── base_page.py
│   ├── login_page.py
│   └── cart_page.py
├── tests/
│   ├── test_login.py
│   └── test_checkout.py
└── reports/

selenium>=4.20
pytest>=8.0
pytest-xdist>=3.5

[pytest]
markers =
    smoke: quick checks run on every push
    regression: full suite run nightly
addopts = -ra
testpaths = tests