Atlassian Automation Testing Interview Questions & Answers

Maven project → POM with a BasePage → driver factory with ThreadLocal → config files → data-driven utilities (Excel/JSON) → TestNG or Cucumber runner → logging → Extent reports with screenshots on failure → Jenkins pipeline.

Use JavascriptExecutor with window.scrollTo or scrollIntoView, or the Actions class scroll methods in Selenium 4.

Lambdas are short anonymous functions; streams process collections declaratively with filter, map and collect, for example filtering link text from a list of elements.

Implement IRetryAnalyzer with a retry count and attach it through the test annotation or a listener to rerun flaky tests.

public (everywhere), protected (package and subclasses), default (package) and private (same class), used to control visibility of test utilities.

Use Apache POI for Excel and the Properties class for config files, loaded in a utility class so tests read data instead of hard-coding it.

Store each driver in a ThreadLocal so every thread gets its own instance and tests do not interfere.

Schedule the job, spin up environments or containers, run suites in parallel, store reports and screenshots, notify failures on Slack or email and track trends.

Verifying that a provider and consumer agree on request and response formats, using tools like Pact, to catch breaking changes early.

Locators such as above, below, toLeftOf and near that find elements by their position relative to another element.

A try block that automatically closes resources such as file readers or streams, preventing leaks without a finally block.

A configuration file to define suites, tests, classes, groups, parameters and parallel execution settings.

It uses the key's hashCode to find a bucket and equals to resolve collisions, giving O(1) average lookups; Java 8 converts long buckets into trees.

ArrayList and LinkedList for lists, HashSet for unique values, HashMap for key-value test data, and Iterator for traversing them, for example collecting web elements in a list.

Comparable defines the natural order inside the class (compareTo); Comparator defines custom orders externally (compare), useful for sorting test data in several ways.

Use TestNG parallel="methods | classes | tests" with thread-count, keep WebDriver in a ThreadLocal, and use Selenium Grid or a cloud grid for multiple browsers.

this refers to the current object; super refers to the parent class, used to call parent constructors and methods.

Re-locate the element after the DOM refreshes, use explicit waits for the refreshed element, don't keep element references for long, or wrap the action in retry logic.

ArrayList stores an ordered list (e.g. all product names on a page). HashMap stores key–value pairs (e.g. test data or config properties).

POST creates a resource, PUT replaces the whole resource (idempotent) and PATCH updates part of it.

Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and abstraction. Testers use them to build reusable page classes, base tests and utility libraries.

Encapsulation: private locators with public page methods. Inheritance: pages extend a BasePage. Polymorphism: the WebDriver interface for different browsers. Abstraction: utility layers hiding Selenium details.

Automate stable, repetitive, high-risk and data-heavy flows (smoke, regression). Skip one-time tests, frequently changing UI and checks needing human judgement. Compare run frequency × manual time with build and maintenance cost.

Implicit, explicit (WebDriverWait with ExpectedConditions) and fluent waits; avoid mixing implicit and explicit waits and never rely on Thread.sleep.

String is immutable — every change creates a new object. StringBuilder is mutable and faster for repeated changes (not thread-safe; StringBuffer is).

Running the same test logic with multiple data sets from Excel, CSV, JSON or a database, so coverage increases without duplicating code.

String r = new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString(); // or loop from the last index and append each character

SOAP is a strict XML protocol with WSDL and WS-Security; REST is a lighter architectural style using HTTP and usually JSON.

Set window size explicitly, use proper waits, check animations and viewport differences, and capture screenshots and logs to find timing issues.

Keep URLs and credentials in per-environment config files or variables, choose with a command-line parameter and never hard-code secrets.

Use mocks or stubs such as WireMock to simulate the dependency and test your service in isolation.

close() closes the current window; quit() closes all windows and ends the driver session.

An authorisation framework where a client obtains an access token from an auth server and sends it as a Bearer token; tests fetch and reuse the token in setup.

Create a job or pipeline that checks out code, runs mvn test, publishes reports and triggers on commits or schedules.

Use external files or APIs and database setup scripts, generate unique data per run, and clean up afterwards so tests stay independent.

A helper that initialises @FindBy elements lazily using initElements; some teams skip it in favour of plain By locators.

given().baseUri(url) .when().get("/users/1") .then().statusCode(200).body("id", equalTo(1));

Runtime events that disrupt flow. Use try-catch-finally, throw, throws, and custom exceptions; checked exceptions must be handled while unchecked ones need not be.

Use headers such as Bearer tokens, basic auth, API keys or OAuth flows; fetch a token in a setup step and reuse it.

switchTo().frame(index, name or element) enters the frame, and switchTo().defaultContent() returns to the main page.

driver.switchTo().alert() lets you accept, dismiss, read text or send keys. Browser windows are handled with window handles.

== compares references (or primitive values); equals() compares content when overridden, as in String.

Continuous Integration builds and tests every commit, and Continuous Delivery ships automatically. Automated tests give fast feedback and gate releases.

Mouse and keyboard actions such as hover, drag and drop, double click, right click and key combinations, built with moveToElement(...).perform().

getText returns visible inner text; getAttribute returns an HTML attribute or property such as value, href or class.

Use CSS or XPath with contains(), starts-with() or stable attributes, relative axes, or data-test attributes agreed with developers.

It makes a test run only after specified tests pass, otherwise it is skipped. Use sparingly as it creates coupled tests.

//button[normalize-space()='Login'] //button[contains(text(),'Login')]

Click to open the dropdown, then locate the option by its text, e.g. //li[text()='India'], and click it. Add an explicit wait for the animation.

A test framework offering annotations, grouping, prioritisation, parallel runs, data providers and reports, which structure and scale Selenium tests.

ArrayList has fast random access and slower inserts in the middle; LinkedList has fast inserts and deletes but slow access by index.

A scripted or declarative Jenkinsfile that defines stages such as build, test and deploy as code stored with the project.

Compare effort saved by running automated tests repeatedly against the cost of building and maintaining scripts, counting execution time, defects found earlier and release speed.

Implicit wait applies globally to element lookups. Explicit wait waits for a specific condition (WebDriverWait + ExpectedConditions). Fluent wait is an explicit wait with custom polling and ignored exceptions.

Headless mode or screen resolution, timing issues, environment data, missing dependencies, browser–driver version mismatch or parallel conflicts. Check logs and failure screenshots and make waits robust.

A lightweight text format of key-value pairs and arrays used in API requests and responses, validated field by field in tests.

Classes like ITestListener that react to events such as test start, success or failure, commonly used for screenshots and reporting.

final makes a variable, method or class unchangeable; finally is a block that always runs after try-catch; finalize is a deprecated method called before garbage collection.

Define parameter name and value in the XML and read them with @Parameters in the test or configuration method.

It manages dependencies through pom.xml, builds the project, runs tests with Surefire and standardises structure across teams.