Capgemini Automation Testing Interview Questions & Answers

Compare effort saved by running automated tests repeatedly against the cost of building and maintaining scripts, counting execution time, defects found earlier and release speed.

TestNG reports, ExtentReports and Allure give charts, screenshots and logs that are easy to share with the team.

Use CSS or XPath with contains(), starts-with() or stable attributes, relative axes, or data-test attributes agreed with developers.

getText returns visible inner text; getAttribute returns an HTML attribute or property such as value, href or class.

Behaviour-driven development writes scenarios in Given-When-Then Gherkin that map to step definitions in code, so business and QA share one language.

Tag tests with groups = {"smoke","regression"} and include or exclude them in testng.xml to run chosen sets.

Stabilise waits and data, isolate tests, use retries cautiously, quarantine unstable tests, run in consistent containers and track flaky rates.

Use JavascriptExecutor with window.scrollTo or scrollIntoView, or the Actions class scroll methods in Selenium 4.

Implicit, explicit (WebDriverWait with ExpectedConditions) and fluent waits; avoid mixing implicit and explicit waits and never rely on Thread.sleep.

final makes a variable, method or class unchangeable; finally is a block that always runs after try-catch; finalize is a deprecated method called before garbage collection.

//button[normalize-space()='Login'] //button[contains(text(),'Login')]

A try block that automatically closes resources such as file readers or streams, preventing leaks without a finally block.

Mouse and keyboard actions such as hover, drag and drop, double click, right click and key combinations, built with moveToElement(...).perform().

Implicit wait applies globally to element lookups. Explicit wait waits for a specific condition (WebDriverWait + ExpectedConditions). Fluent wait is an explicit wait with custom polling and ignored exceptions.

A Java library that makes API tests readable using given-when-then, with easy request building, response validation and JSON path support.

Relative locators, improved Grid, W3C compliance, new window or tab creation, Chrome DevTools Protocol access and element-level screenshots.

Automate stable, repetitive, high-risk and data-heavy flows (smoke, regression). Skip one-time tests, frequently changing UI and checks needing human judgement. Compare run frequency × manual time with build and maintenance cost.

Git tracks changes, enables code review, branching and rollback and lets teams collaborate on the framework safely.

switchTo().frame(index, name or element) enters the frame, and switchTo().defaultContent() returns to the main page.

Use then().statusCode(200).body("data.id", equalTo(5)), or extract() the response and assert fields with JsonPath.

Define parameter name and value in the XML and read them with @Parameters in the test or configuration method.

id, name, className, tagName, linkText, partialLinkText, CSS selector and XPath. Prefer stable ids or CSS, using XPath when needed.

== compares references (or primitive values); equals() compares content when overridden, as in String.

Continuous Integration builds and tests every commit, and Continuous Delivery ships automatically. Automated tests give fast feedback and gate releases.

Schedule the job, spin up environments or containers, run suites in parallel, store reports and screenshots, notify failures on Slack or email and track trends.

Create a job or pipeline that checks out code, runs mvn test, publishes reports and triggers on commits or schedules.

If the element is <input type="file">, use element.sendKeys("C:/path/file.pdf"). Use the Robot class or AutoIt only as a last resort for OS dialogs.

Implement ITestListener.onTestFailure(): File src = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); then copy it into the reports folder.

Verifying that a provider and consumer agree on request and response formats, using tools like Pact, to catch breaking changes early.

POST creates a resource, PUT replaces the whole resource (idempotent) and PATCH updates part of it.

Running the same test logic with multiple data sets from Excel, CSV, JSON or a database, so coverage increases without duplicating code.

An API client. Add tests in JavaScript, use environments and collections, and run them with Newman in a CI pipeline.

WebDriver sends commands over HTTP (W3C protocol) to a browser-specific driver such as chromedriver, which controls the actual browser.

An authorisation framework where a client obtains an access token from an auth server and sends it as a Bearer token; tests fetch and reuse the token in setup.

An abstract class can hold state and concrete methods; an interface defines a contract (with default methods since Java 8). A class extends one abstract class but can implement many interfaces.

Hard assert stops the test at the first failure; SoftAssert collects failures and reports them together when assertAll() is called.

Keep URLs and credentials in per-environment config files or variables, choose with a command-line parameter and never hard-code secrets.

A framework combining data-driven, keyword-driven and POM approaches with reporting and utilities, giving flexibility and reuse.

close() closes the current window; quit() closes all windows and ends the driver session.

Use Apache POI for Excel and the Properties class for config files, loaded in a utility class so tests read data instead of hard-coding it.

this refers to the current object; super refers to the parent class, used to call parent constructors and methods.

An open-source suite for browser automation: WebDriver, IDE, Grid and the older RC. WebDriver controls browsers through their native drivers.

Encapsulation: private locators with public page methods. Inheritance: pages extend a BasePage. Polymorphism: the WebDriver interface for different browsers. Abstraction: utility layers hiding Selenium details.

A subclass redefines a parent method. Frameworks use it to customise base behaviour, such as overriding a wait or click method in a base page class.

Keep credentials in external data, parameterise the test with a data provider, reuse a login method in a page class, and clear sessions between roles.

It uses the key's hashCode to find a bucket and equals to resolve collisions, giving O(1) average lookups; Java 8 converts long buckets into trees.

Lambdas are short anonymous functions; streams process collections declaratively with filter, map and collect, for example filtering link text from a list of elements.

It makes a test run only after specified tests pass, otherwise it is skipped. Use sparingly as it creates coupled tests.

Classes such as Integer and Double that wrap primitive types as objects, needed for collections and for parsing text from web elements.

Locators such as above, below, toLeftOf and near that find elements by their position relative to another element.

findElement returns the first match and throws NoSuchElementException if nothing is found. findElements returns a List (empty if nothing is found) — handy to check whether an element exists.

A design pattern where each page is a class holding its locators and actions, so tests stay readable and a locator change is fixed in one place.

Do not automate it; ask for a test environment where CAPTCHA is disabled or use test keys, or a bypass token agreed with developers.

One interface, many forms. WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver() lets the same test code run on any browser class that implements WebDriver.

Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and abstraction. Testers use them to build reusable page classes, base tests and utility libraries.

Static members belong to the class and are shared by all instances; non-static members belong to each object.

Use then().time(lessThan(2000L)) and then().header("Content-Type", containsString("json")) along with body assertions.