Mastercard Automation Testing Interview Questions & Answers

ArrayList has fast random access and slower inserts in the middle; LinkedList has fast inserts and deletes but slow access by index.

Do not automate it; ask for a test environment where CAPTCHA is disabled or use test keys, or a bypass token agreed with developers.

close() closes the current window; quit() closes all windows and ends the driver session.

Use then().time(lessThan(2000L)) and then().header("Content-Type", containsString("json")) along with body assertions.

Classes like ITestListener that react to events such as test start, success or failure, commonly used for screenshots and reporting.

Get getWindowHandles(), loop to find the target, and call driver.switchTo().window(handle); switch back using the stored parent handle.

POST creates a resource, PUT replaces the whole resource (idempotent) and PATCH updates part of it.

A Java library that makes API tests readable using given-when-then, with easy request building, response validation and JSON path support.

//button[normalize-space()='Login'] //button[contains(text(),'Login')]

Implement IRetryAnalyzer with a retry count and attach it through the test annotation or a listener to rerun flaky tests.

id, name, className, tagName, linkText, partialLinkText, CSS selector and XPath. Prefer stable ids or CSS, using XPath when needed.

Use TestNG parallel="methods | classes | tests" with thread-count, keep WebDriver in a ThreadLocal, and use Selenium Grid or a cloud grid for multiple browsers.

getText returns visible inner text; getAttribute returns an HTML attribute or property such as value, href or class.

Hard assert stops the test at the first failure; SoftAssert collects failures and reports them together when assertAll() is called.

Implement ITestListener.onTestFailure(): File src = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); then copy it into the reports folder.

Git tracks changes, enables code review, branching and rollback and lets teams collaborate on the framework safely.

Overloading: same method name, different parameters, in the same class (compile time). Overriding: a subclass redefines a parent method with the same signature (runtime polymorphism). WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver() is runtime polymorphism.

throw actually raises an exception object inside a method; throws declares in the method signature that it may pass an exception to the caller.

An authorisation framework where a client obtains an access token from an auth server and sends it as a Bearer token; tests fetch and reuse the token in setup.

Verifying that a provider and consumer agree on request and response formats, using tools like Pact, to catch breaking changes early.

Use mocks or stubs such as WireMock to simulate the dependency and test your service in isolation.

Automate stable, repetitive, high-risk and data-heavy flows (smoke, regression). Skip one-time tests, frequently changing UI and checks needing human judgement. Compare run frequency × manual time with build and maintenance cost.

Tag tests with groups = {"smoke","regression"} and include or exclude them in testng.xml to run chosen sets.

TestNG reports, ExtentReports and Allure give charts, screenshots and logs that are easy to share with the team.

A lightweight text format of key-value pairs and arrays used in API requests and responses, validated field by field in tests.

Locators such as above, below, toLeftOf and near that find elements by their position relative to another element.

Re-locate the element after the DOM refreshes, use explicit waits for the refreshed element, don't keep element references for long, or wrap the action in retry logic.

An open-source suite for browser automation: WebDriver, IDE, Grid and the older RC. WebDriver controls browsers through their native drivers.

A callback where one system sends an HTTP request to another when an event occurs. Test with a mock receiver or tools such as webhook.site and verify the payload.

findElement returns the first match and throws NoSuchElementException if nothing is found. findElements returns a List (empty if nothing is found) — handy to check whether an element exists.

It makes a test run only after specified tests pass, otherwise it is skipped. Use sparingly as it creates coupled tests.

SOAP is a strict XML protocol with WSDL and WS-Security; REST is a lighter architectural style using HTTP and usually JSON.

Store each driver in a ThreadLocal so every thread gets its own instance and tests do not interfere.

A try block that automatically closes resources such as file readers or streams, preventing leaks without a finally block.

ArrayList and LinkedList for lists, HashSet for unique values, HashMap for key-value test data, and Iterator for traversing them, for example collecting web elements in a list.

Static members belong to the class and are shared by all instances; non-static members belong to each object.

== compares references (or primitive values); equals() compares content when overridden, as in String.

It manages dependencies through pom.xml, builds the project, runs tests with Surefire and standardises structure across teams.

Define parameter name and value in the XML and read them with @Parameters in the test or configuration method.

given().baseUri(url) .when().get("/users/1") .then().statusCode(200).body("id", equalTo(1));

An abstract class can hold state and concrete methods; an interface defines a contract (with default methods since Java 8). A class extends one abstract class but can implement many interfaces.

BeforeSuite, BeforeTest, BeforeClass, BeforeMethod, Test, AfterMethod, AfterClass, AfterTest and AfterSuite.

Behaviour-driven development writes scenarios in Given-When-Then Gherkin that map to step definitions in code, so business and QA share one language.

A scripted or declarative Jenkinsfile that defines stages such as build, test and deploy as code stored with the project.

Comparable defines the natural order inside the class (compareTo); Comparator defines custom orders externally (compare), useful for sorting test data in several ways.

Headless mode or screen resolution, timing issues, environment data, missing dependencies, browser–driver version mismatch or parallel conflicts. Check logs and failure screenshots and make waits robust.

Absolute starts from the root (/html/...) and breaks easily; relative starts anywhere with // and is more stable, for example //input[@id='email'].

Use CSS or XPath with contains(), starts-with() or stable attributes, relative axes, or data-test attributes agreed with developers.

Set window size explicitly, use proper waits, check animations and viewport differences, and capture screenshots and logs to find timing issues.

Cast the driver to JavascriptExecutor and use executeScript, for example to scroll into view or click hidden elements.

200 OK, 201 Created, 400 bad request, 401 unauthenticated, 403 forbidden, 404 not found and 500 server error.

ArrayList stores an ordered list (e.g. all product names on a page). HashMap stores key–value pairs (e.g. test data or config properties).

Runtime events that disrupt flow. Use try-catch-finally, throw, throws, and custom exceptions; checked exceptions must be handled while unchecked ones need not be.

Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and abstraction. Testers use them to build reusable page classes, base tests and utility libraries.

Code pushed to Git → Jenkins job triggers (webhook or schedule) → mvn clean test with the suite XML → reports and screenshots published → notifications on Slack/email → failures triaged before release.

String is immutable — every change creates a new object. StringBuilder is mutable and faster for repeated changes (not thread-safe; StringBuffer is).

String r = new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString(); // or loop from the last index and append each character

Click to open the dropdown, then locate the option by its text, e.g. //li[text()='India'], and click it. Add an explicit wait for the animation.

Compare effort saved by running automated tests repeatedly against the cost of building and maintaining scripts, counting execution time, defects found earlier and release speed.

Use headers such as Bearer tokens, basic auth, API keys or OAuth flows; fetch a token in a setup step and reuse it.

Keep URLs and credentials in per-environment config files or variables, choose with a command-line parameter and never hard-code secrets.

Mouse and keyboard actions such as hover, drag and drop, double click, right click and key combinations, built with moveToElement(...).perform().

200 OK, 201 Created, 204 No Content, 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized, 403 Forbidden, 404 Not Found, 500 Internal Server Error.

A special method that initialises an object. It can be overloaded with different parameters, and testers use it to pass the WebDriver into page classes.

If the element is <input type="file">, use element.sendKeys("C:/path/file.pdf"). Use the Robot class or AutoIt only as a last resort for OS dialogs.

An API client. Add tests in JavaScript, use environments and collections, and run them with Newman in a CI pipeline.

switchTo().frame(index, name or element) enters the frame, and switchTo().defaultContent() returns to the main page.