01
What is the role of a BA in Scrum?
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They help the Product Owner refine the backlog, write stories and acceptance criteria, clarify details with developers and support testing and demos.
Uber Business Analytics Interview Questions & Answers
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02
How would you measure the success of a new feature?
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Define a goal metric, a baseline and guardrail metrics, run an experiment or before-after comparison and review adoption, retention and revenue impact.
03
What is a Minimum Viable Product (MVP)?
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The smallest version of a product with enough features to deliver value and gather real user feedback before investing more.
04
What is a KPI tree?
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It breaks a top metric into drivers: Revenue = Users × Conversion × AOV; Users = New + Returning, and so on. It shows which lever to pull and where a drop came from.
05
How do you handle large datasets in Excel?
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Use tables, Power Query, remove volatile functions, filter before calculating and move to Power Pivot or a database when rows reach the millions.
06
What does GROUP BY do and how is HAVING different from WHERE?
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GROUP BY aggregates rows by column; WHERE filters before grouping and HAVING filters after, using aggregate conditions.
07
What is the difference between revenue and profit?
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Revenue is total money from sales; profit is what remains after subtracting all costs and expenses.
08
How do you create a dashboard in Excel?
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Prepare clean data, build PivotTables and PivotCharts, add KPI cards and slicers, and arrange everything on one sheet with a clear layout.
09
How do you handle changing requirements?
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Log the change, assess impact on scope, cost and timeline, get approval through change control or backlog grooming, and update documents and stakeholders.
10
How would you improve a company's low app conversion rate?
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Map the funnel, find the biggest drop-off, check usability and load time, run A/B tests on fixes and track conversion lift.
11
What are functional and non-functional requirements?
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Functional requirements describe what the system does (login, reports); non-functional ones describe how well it does it (speed, security, availability, usability).
12
What is a traceability matrix?
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A table linking each requirement to design, test cases and delivery status, ensuring nothing is missed and helping assess change impact.
13
What is the difference between OLTP and OLAP systems?
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OLTP handles many small day-to-day transactions; OLAP supports analysis over large historical data with aggregates and reporting.
14
SQL: total revenue per month.
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SELECT DATE_TRUNC('month', order_date) AS month, SUM(amount) AS revenue
FROM orders GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1;
-- MySQL: DATE_FORMAT(order_date, '%Y-%m')
15
How do you handle NULL values when calculating averages?
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AVG ignores NULLs; use COALESCE(col, 0) if NULLs should count as zero, depending on the business meaning.
16
Build a break-even analysis in Excel.
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Break-even units = Fixed costs ÷ (Price − Variable cost per unit).
Add a data table to test different price and volume scenarios.
17
Tell me about a time you handled a difficult stakeholder.
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Use STAR: Situation, Task, Action, Result. Show that you listened, found the underlying goal, used data to align people and reached a documented decision.
18
What is Agile and how does Scrum work?
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Agile delivers value in small increments with feedback. Scrum organises work in sprints with planning, daily stand-ups, review and retrospective, led by a Scrum Master and Product Owner.
19
How do you find the top 5 customers by revenue?
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SELECT customer_id, SUM(amount) AS revenue FROM orders GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY revenue DESC LIMIT 5;
20
How would you forecast next quarter's sales in Excel?
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Use FORECAST.ETS or a trendline on monthly history, check seasonality, compare with a simple moving average and present a range, not a single number.
21
Explain Porter's Five Forces.
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A model assessing industry attractiveness through supplier power, buyer power, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes and rivalry among competitors.
22
Stakeholders give conflicting requirements. What do you do?
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Clarify the goal behind each request, map them to business objectives, prioritise with MoSCoW, run a joint session, then document the decision and get sign-off.
23
KPI vs metric?
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Every KPI is a metric, but a KPI is tied directly to a strategic goal (e.g. monthly churn). A metric can be any measurement (e.g. page views).
24
What is customer lifetime value?
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The total profit expected from a customer over the relationship, roughly average margin x purchase frequency x lifespan, compared with acquisition cost.
25
How do you chart a trend with a target line?
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Create a line or column chart of actuals and add the target as another series formatted as a line.
26
What is the difference between XLOOKUP and INDEX-MATCH?
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Both look up values flexibly; XLOOKUP is simpler with built-in not-found handling, while INDEX-MATCH works in older Excel versions.
27
What are acceptance criteria?
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Clear, testable conditions a story must meet to be accepted, often written as Given-When-Then scenarios.
28
What is a BRD review and who signs it off?
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Stakeholders and the sponsor review the Business Requirements Document for completeness and accuracy, and the business owner gives formal sign-off before design begins.
29
What is a primary key?
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A column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table and cannot contain NULL.
30
How do you protect a worksheet or workbook?
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Review > Protect Sheet or Workbook with a password, lock cells, hide formulas and allow only selected cells to be edited.
31
What is the 80/20 rule in business analysis?
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Pareto principle: about 80% of outcomes come from 20% of causes, such as most revenue from a few customers or most defects from a few issues.
32
What does a Business Analyst do?
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A BA bridges business and technology: gathers requirements, analyses data and processes, documents BRD/FRD and makes sure the final solution actually solves the business problem.
33
What is a stakeholder and who are the typical stakeholders in a project?
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Anyone affected by or influencing the project: sponsors, product owners, end users, developers, testers, operations and customers.
34
Agile vs Waterfall?
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Waterfall runs fixed phases one after another with requirements frozen early. Agile delivers in short sprints with continuous feedback, so requirements can change. In Agile, BAs maintain the backlog and user stories.
35
What is scope creep and how do you control it?
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Uncontrolled growth of requirements. Control it with a clear scope statement, change control process, impact analysis and sponsor approval for additions.
36
What is sensitivity analysis?
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Testing how changes in key inputs such as price or volume affect the output, in Excel using data tables or scenario manager.
37
What are the 4 Ps of marketing?
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Product, Price, Place and Promotion, the levers a business uses to bring an offering to market.
38
How do you validate that a report's numbers are correct?
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Reconcile totals with source tables using SQL, check filters and joins for duplication, compare with prior periods and verify with business owners.
39
What are wireframes and why are they useful for a BA?
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Low-fidelity layouts of screens that help stakeholders visualise and agree on requirements before development starts.
40
What is the use of the IFERROR function?
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It returns a custom value when a formula errors out, keeping reports clean, for example =IFERROR(VLOOKUP(...), "Not found").
41
How do you use Excel's Scenario Manager?
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Define named scenarios such as best, base and worst with different input values and compare the outputs in a summary report.
42
Guesstimate: how many cups of tea are sold in Delhi per day?
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Population about 20 million, adult tea drinkers about 50%, cups bought outside per person around 1 on average. This gives roughly 10 million cups, then adjust for offices and stalls.
43
How would you decide whether to launch a new product?
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Assess market size and demand, customer need, competition, unit economics, capabilities, risks and strategic fit, then test with a pilot before scale-up.
44
What is a subquery and when would you use it?
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A query nested inside another, used for filtering or calculating values such as customers whose spend is above the average.
45
A client's profits are falling. How do you structure the problem?
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Split into revenue and cost, then revenue into price, volume and mix, and cost into fixed and variable; check internal factors and external market factors.
46
Which Excel functions do business analysts use daily?
Show answer
VLOOKUP or XLOOKUP, INDEX-MATCH, SUMIFS, COUNTIFS, IF, text functions, PivotTables and charts.
47
How would you prioritise 10 features with a limited budget?
Show answer
Score them with RICE or value-vs-effort, align with goals, consider dependencies and risks, validate with stakeholders, then use MoSCoW for the release plan.
48
How do you calculate the percentage contribution of each category?
Show answer
SUM(sales) per category divided by SUM(SUM(sales)) OVER () and multiplied by 100 gives each category's share of the total.
49
What is the difference between COUNT(*) and COUNT(column)?
Show answer
COUNT(*) counts all rows; COUNT(column) counts only rows where that column is not NULL.
50
Guesstimate: how many cars are sold in India every year?
Show answer
Structure it: households × car-owning share ÷ replacement cycle + first-time buyers + commercial fleet. State each assumption clearly and sanity-check the final number.
51
Difference between INNER JOIN and LEFT JOIN?
Show answer
INNER returns only matching rows; LEFT returns all rows from the left table and NULLs where there is no match.
52
BRD vs FRD?
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A BRD states what the business needs and why. An FRD details how the system should behave to meet those needs (functional specifications).
53
A bank wants to reduce customer churn. What would you do?
Show answer
Define churn, analyse who leaves and why, segment customers, find drivers through data and surveys, design retention offers and measure uplift with a control group.
54
How do you build a forecast in Excel?
Show answer
Use historical data with FORECAST.ETS or trend lines, state assumptions, compare against actuals and show best, base and worst scenarios.
55
What is a stakeholder analysis?
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Identifying everyone affected by the project and mapping their influence and interest to decide how to communicate with and involve each group.
56
How do you approach a guesstimate question?
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Clarify the scope, break the problem into logical parts, state assumptions with round numbers, compute step by step and sanity-check the answer.
57
What are aggregate functions?
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Functions that summarise rows into a value, such as COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN and MAX.
58
What is a CTE?
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A named temporary result introduced with WITH that makes long queries readable and reusable in the same statement.
59
How do you evaluate a marketing campaign's ROI?
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ROI = (incremental profit - campaign cost) / campaign cost. Measure incremental sales using a control group or before-after comparison.
60
Do a quick SWOT analysis for an ed-tech company.
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Strengths and Weaknesses are internal; Opportunities and Threats are external. Example: S = strong faculty, W = low brand awareness, O = AI upskilling demand, T = free online content.
61
SQL: month-over-month revenue growth.
Show answer
WITH m AS (SELECT month, SUM(amount) AS rev FROM orders GROUP BY month)
SELECT month, rev,
ROUND(100.0 * (rev - LAG(rev) OVER (ORDER BY month))
/ LAG(rev) OVER (ORDER BY month), 1) AS mom_pct
FROM m;
62
What is a RACI matrix?
Show answer
A table assigning Responsible, Accountable, Consulted and Informed roles per task so ownership is clear.