36 practice questions with answers for CCNA interviews in Jaipur.
CCNA jobs in Jaipur
Jaipur has a growing IT and IT-enabled services market, with delivery centres, SaaS start-ups and back-office analytics teams around Sitapura and Mahindra World City. Many candidates here also apply to remote and hybrid roles with Delhi NCR teams.
Below are 36 questions that match the mix of service, product and domain employers hiring network support engineers in Jaipur.
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From bottom to top: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation and Application. Each layer serves the one above it. For example, Ethernet frames work at Layer 2, IP packets at Layer 3 and TCP segments at Layer 4. Engineers use the model to troubleshoot bottom-up: check cables and link lights first, then MAC learning, then IP reachability.
02
How do you configure a router as a DHCP relay and verify it?
Add the helper address on the client-facing interface.
interface vlan 20
ip helper-address 10.0.0.50
show ip interface vlan 20 | include Helper
debug ip dhcp server packet
The helper also forwards some other UDP broadcasts such as TFTP and DNS by default; use no ip forward-protocol udp to limit them.
03
What are the IPv4 address classes and private ranges?
Class A is 1 to 126 with a default /8, Class B is 128 to 191 with /16, Class C is 192 to 223 with /24, Class D 224 to 239 is multicast and Class E is reserved. RFC 1918 private ranges are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. 127.0.0.0/8 is loopback and 169.254.0.0/16 is APIPA link-local. Today addressing is classless (CIDR).
04
What is the difference between policing and shaping?
Policing drops or re-marks traffic that exceeds a rate immediately, with no buffering, so it causes TCP retransmissions; it is used inbound or by ISPs. Shaping buffers excess traffic and sends it later, smoothing bursts to a configured rate at the cost of delay; it is used outbound, for example to match a 100 Mbps subscription on a 1 Gbps port.
05
What is the structure of an IPv6 address and how is it shortened?
IPv6 addresses are 128 bits written as eight groups of four hex digits separated by colons. Leading zeros in each group can be dropped, and one run of consecutive all-zero groups can be replaced with :: only once. For example 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 becomes 2001:db8::1. A typical LAN uses a /64 prefix.
06
Traffic is taking a slow path because an old access switch became root bridge. How do you fix it?
The old switch has the lowest MAC with default priority, so it won the election. I set the core or distribution switch as root with spanning-tree vlan 1-4094 priority 4096, or root primary, and the secondary with 8192. I add Root Guard on distribution downlinks so access switches can never become root again. Then I verify with show spanning-tree root.
07
What is the difference between a two-tier and a three-tier campus design?
A three-tier design has access, distribution and core layers: access connects users, distribution aggregates access switches and applies policy, and the core provides fast transport between distribution blocks. A two-tier or collapsed-core design merges core and distribution, which suits small and medium campuses with fewer buildings. Three-tier scales better when there are many distribution blocks.
DHCP uses the DORA process: the client broadcasts Discover, the server answers with an Offer, the client broadcasts a Request for that offer, and the server confirms with an Acknowledgement. The lease includes IP, mask, gateway, DNS servers and lease time. Clients renew at 50 percent of the lease. DHCP uses UDP ports 67 for the server and 68 for the client.
09
What is port security and what are its violation modes?
Port security limits the MAC addresses allowed on an access port, either statically or by sticky learning. If an extra MAC appears, the violation mode acts: shutdown (default) err-disables the port, restrict drops the frames, logs and increments a counter, and protect silently drops frames. It stops MAC flooding and unauthorised devices on user ports.
10
What is a wildcard mask and how is it used in ACLs?
A wildcard mask tells the router which bits must match: 0 means must match and 1 means ignore. It is often the inverse of the subnet mask, so 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 matches the whole /24. host 10.1.1.1 equals 0.0.0.0 and any equals 255.255.255.255. Wildcards are also used in OSPF network statements. Calculate it by subtracting the mask from 255.255.255.255.
11
What is the difference between site-to-site and remote-access VPNs?
A site-to-site VPN connects whole networks, usually two routers or firewalls, using an always-on IPsec tunnel, so users do not need any client. A remote-access VPN connects individual users from laptops or phones to the company network using a client with TLS or IPsec, and authenticates each user. Both encrypt traffic over the internet to provide confidentiality and integrity.
12
What are the first hop redundancy protocols and how does HSRP work?
FHRPs give hosts a virtual gateway IP shared by two or more routers. HSRP is proprietary: routers elect an active router by highest priority (default 100), and the standby takes over the virtual IP and MAC if hellos stop. Preempt lets a higher priority router reclaim the role. VRRP is the open standard, and GLBP adds load sharing across several routers.
WPA2 uses AES-CCMP; WPA2-Personal uses a pre-shared key that is vulnerable to offline dictionary attacks, and WPA2-Enterprise uses 802.1X with RADIUS. WPA3-Personal replaces PSK with SAE, which resists offline guessing and gives forward secrecy. WPA3-Enterprise offers a 192-bit mode. WPA3 requires protected management frames. Open networks can use OWE for encryption without passwords.
Member interfaces must have the same speed and duplex, the same mode (access or trunk), the same access VLAN or the same native and allowed VLAN list on trunks, and compatible negotiation modes. Mismatched settings put members into suspended state. Configure settings on the port-channel interface so they are pushed to members, and verify with show etherchannel summary.
LACP (802.3ad, now 802.1AX) is the open standard with modes active and passive; at least one side must be active. PAgP is proprietary with modes desirable and auto; at least one side must be desirable. Mode on forces the channel with no negotiation, which can cause loops if the other side is not configured. LACP is preferred because it works with servers, firewalls and other vendors.
16
How would you plan an IP addressing scheme for a company with 10 branches?
I would reserve a large block, for example 10.0.0.0/16, and give each branch a summarizable /20 such as 10.0.16.0/20, 10.0.32.0/20 and so on. Inside each, assign fixed ranges per role: users, voice, wireless, servers, management and WAN links. This lets each branch be summarized as one route, keeps firewall rules simple, and leaves room to grow. I keep it in an IPAM tool.
Cost equals reference bandwidth divided by interface bandwidth. The default reference is 100 Mbps, so FastEthernet, Gigabit and 10 Gigabit all get cost 1, which hides the faster links. Change it with auto-cost reference-bandwidth 100000 on every router so 1G becomes 100 and 10G becomes 10. You can also set ip ospf cost directly on an interface. Path cost is the sum of outgoing interface costs.
18
What is a collision domain and a broadcast domain?
A collision domain is a segment where two devices sending at the same time can collide; every switch port is its own collision domain, and with full duplex collisions do not occur. A broadcast domain is the set of devices that receive a Layer 2 broadcast. Routers and VLANs separate broadcast domains, so one VLAN equals one broadcast domain.
19
How do you create a VLAN and assign an access port?
Create the VLAN, name it, and set the port mode and VLAN.
vlan 20
name SALES
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/5
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 20
switchport voice vlan 150
spanning-tree portfast
show vlan brief
20
Find the network, broadcast and usable range for 172.16.45.200/21.
A /21 mask is 255.255.248.0, so the interesting octet is the third with block size 8. 45 falls in the block starting at 40 (40 to 47).
Network: 172.16.40.0
Broadcast: 172.16.47.255
Usable: 172.16.40.1 - 172.16.47.254
Hosts: 2^11 - 2 = 2046
21
What is the difference between standard and extended ACLs?
Standard ACLs (1 to 99 and 1300 to 1999) match only the source IP, so they should be placed close to the destination. Extended ACLs (100 to 199 and 2000 to 2699) match protocol, source, destination and ports, so they can be placed close to the source to drop unwanted traffic early. Named ACLs work for both and allow editing individual lines by sequence number.
Rapid PVST+ runs 802.1w per VLAN. It uses a proposal and agreement handshake on point-to-point links so ports move to forwarding in under a second, instead of waiting on timers. It has port roles root, designated, alternate and backup, and states discarding, learning and forwarding. Alternate ports provide an instant backup root port. It is the default on most modern IOS switches.
23
What is AAA and the difference between TACACS+ and RADIUS?
AAA stands for Authentication (who you are), Authorization (what you can do) and Accounting (what you did). TACACS+ uses TCP 49, encrypts the whole payload and separates authentication from authorization, so it is preferred for device administration with per-command control. RADIUS uses UDP 1812 and 1813, encrypts only the password and is used for network access such as 802.1X and VPN.
Example line:
O 10.2.2.0/24 [110/20] via 10.0.12.2, 00:05:12, GigabitEthernet0/0
O is the source (OSPF), 10.2.2.0/24 the prefix, 110 the administrative distance and 20 the metric, 10.0.12.2 the next hop, then the age and exit interface. C is connected, L local host route, S static, D EIGRP and an asterisk marks the candidate default.
25
An EtherChannel shows members in suspended state. What do you check?
Suspended (s) usually means a configuration mismatch between members or with the far end. I compare speed, duplex, trunk mode, native VLAN and allowed VLANs on each member and the port-channel with show run interface, check LACP modes on both sides, and look at logs. I fix the config on the port-channel, then shut and no shut members so they rejoin. show etherchannel summary should show P flags.
26
What is the native VLAN and what problems can a mismatch cause?
The native VLAN is the VLAN whose frames cross a trunk untagged, VLAN 1 by default. Both ends must use the same native VLAN; if they differ, frames leak between VLANs and CDP logs a native VLAN mismatch. For security, set the native VLAN to an unused ID, do not put users in it, and optionally tag it with vlan dot1q tag native to prevent VLAN hopping.
27
Users behind a router can reach local servers but not the internet after a firewall change. NAT is configured. What do you check?
I check show ip nat translations to see whether translations appear when users browse. If none, I verify ip nat inside and ip nat outside on the correct interfaces, that the ACL used by NAT matches the user subnets, and that the overload interface has an IP. I also check the default route and run show ip nat statistics for hits and misses.
Set priorities on the intended primary and secondary roots, then verify.
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
spanning-tree vlan 10,20 root primary
! on the backup switch
spanning-tree vlan 10,20 root secondary
show spanning-tree vlan 10
show spanning-tree root
show spanning-tree summary
29
Users suddenly receive IP addresses from a wrong subnet. What do you suspect and how do you fix it?
A rogue DHCP server, often a home router plugged into a wall port, is answering requests. I find it by checking the DHCP server IP on an affected client with ipconfig /all, then tracing its MAC with show mac address-table. I shut that port, and prevent it permanently by enabling DHCP snooping on user VLANs with only uplinks trusted.
30
Explain the NAT terms inside local, inside global, outside local and outside global.
Inside local is the private address of an inside host, for example 192.168.1.10. Inside global is the public address that represents it outside, for example 203.0.113.5. Outside global is the real address of the remote host. Outside local is how the remote host appears to inside users, usually the same as outside global unless destination NAT is used. show ip nat translations displays these columns.
Situation: in college I set up the hostel Wi-Fi and LAN for 120 students. Task: fix constant drop-outs. Action: I learned VLANs, channel planning and DHCP, then practiced every CCNA topic in Packet Tracer and GNS3. Result: complaints dropped sharply, and I realised I enjoy solving real problems that affect many people. Networking underpins cloud, security and automation, so it gives me a long and growing career path.
Variable Length Subnet Masking means using different prefix lengths inside one address block, so each subnet is sized to its need. You allocate the largest subnets first, then smaller ones, to avoid overlaps. For example, from 10.1.1.0/24 you could give a 100-user LAN a /25, a 50-user LAN a /26, and point-to-point WAN links /30 or /31. It saves address space compared with fixed-length subnetting.
33
Write a simple Ansible playbook that configures NTP on IOS devices.
Situation: our team moved from PVST to MST for a data center with 600 VLANs, and I had not used MST. Task: be ready for the migration in two weeks. Action: I read the configuration guides, built the design in a GNS3 lab, broke it deliberately and wrote a step-by-step checklist. Result: the migration ran in one window without outage, and I ran a short knowledge session for the team.
35
What is a Layer 3 switch and how is it different from a router?
A Layer 3 switch forwards packets between VLANs in hardware using SVIs or routed ports, giving very high throughput with many Ethernet ports. A router usually has fewer ports but richer WAN features such as NAT, VPN, deep QoS, varied WAN interfaces and large routing tables. In campuses, Layer 3 switches handle inter-VLAN routing while routers or firewalls handle the edge.
36
Tell me about a time you found a security issue and reported it.
Situation: during a routine audit I noticed SNMP v2c with the default community public on several access switches. Task: close the gap without disrupting monitoring. Action: I reported it to my lead with evidence, proposed SNMPv3 with an ACL, tested with the monitoring team and rolled out in two batches. Result: the risk was closed in a week and SNMP checks were added to our device baseline.
Few big employers listed in Jaipur?
Many Jaipur candidates also apply to teams in Delhi and to remote or hybrid roles. Practise the Delhi set as well.
Which companies hire CCNA professionals in Jaipur?
Companies with large offices in Jaipur include many IT services and product firms. Use their company pages below to practise employer-specific sets.
Are CCNA interviews in Jaipur different from other cities?
The questions depend more on the company than the city. Jaipur's mix of employers decides the style: Many candidates here also apply to remote and hybrid roles with Delhi NCR teams
How do I find CCNA jobs in Jaipur?
Shortlist companies with Jaipur offices, keep your CV focused on CCNA projects, apply on company career pages and job portals with the Jaipur filter, and practise the questions on this page before each interview.