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DevOps Interview Questions in Ahmedabad

36 practice questions with answers for DevOps interviews in Ahmedabad.

DevOps jobs in Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad and GIFT City have a growing market for IT services, fintech and product start-ups. Companies here value hands-on skills and the ability to work across tools, especially in smaller teams.

Below are 36 questions that match the mix of service, product and domain employers hiring junior devops engineers in Ahmedabad.

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01

What is the difference between a ConfigMap and a Secret?

KubernetesEasy
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Both inject configuration into pods as environment variables or mounted files, keeping config out of images. ConfigMaps hold non-sensitive data like URLs and feature flags. Secrets hold sensitive values like passwords and tokens; they are only base64 encoded by default, so you should enable encryption at rest, restrict access with RBAC, or use an external secrets manager.
02

Which kubectl commands do you use most for debugging?

KubernetesEasy
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kubectl get pods -n shop -o wide kubectl describe pod api-7d9f -n shop kubectl logs api-7d9f -n shop -c api --previous kubectl logs -l app=api -f --tail=50 kubectl exec -it api-7d9f -- sh kubectl get events -n shop --sort-by=.lastTimestamp kubectl top pods -n shop kubectl port-forward svc/api 8080:80 kubectl get endpoints api describe and events usually explain scheduling and startup problems; logs explain application problems.
03

What is the difference between git merge and git rebase?

Git and Version ControlMedium
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Merge joins two branches with a merge commit and keeps the true history, including when work happened in parallel. Rebase replays your commits on top of the target branch, giving a clean linear history but new commit hashes. Rebase local feature branches to stay current, but never rebase commits others have already pulled, because it rewrites shared history.
04

What is Docker Compose?

Docker and ContainersEasy
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Docker Compose defines and runs multi-container applications from a YAML file, usually compose.yaml. You describe services, networks, volumes, environment variables and dependencies, then start everything with docker compose up. It is ideal for local development and testing, for example an API, database and cache together. For production orchestration across many hosts, teams use Kubernetes instead.
05

How do you create an EKS cluster with eksctl and connect kubectl to it?

AWS Cloud for DevOpsMedium
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eksctl create cluster \ --name shop-dev \ --region ap-south-1 \ --nodegroup-name workers \ --node-type t3.medium \ --nodes 2 --nodes-min 2 --nodes-max 5 \ --managed aws eks update-kubeconfig --name shop-dev --region ap-south-1 kubectl get nodes eksctl builds CloudFormation stacks for the VPC, control plane and node group. In production, teams usually manage EKS with Terraform modules instead.
06

Tell me about a mistake you made in infrastructure work and what you learned.

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform and Ansible)Medium
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Situation: I applied a Terraform change that renamed a security group, which forced replacement and briefly cut access to a staging database. Task: fix it and prevent repeats. Action: I restored access quickly, explained it openly to my lead, and then added plan review in pull requests plus lifecycle create_before_destroy rules. Result: no similar outage since, and I now read every destroy line in a plan.
07

Two containers on the same host cannot talk to each other. What do you check?

Docker and ContainersMedium
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Check that both are on the same user-defined network with docker network inspect; the default bridge does not resolve container names. Use the service or container name and the container's internal port, not localhost and not the published host port. Confirm the app listens on 0.0.0.0 rather than 127.0.0.1. Then test with curl or nc from inside one container.
08

What is the difference between an Ingress and a Service?

KubernetesMedium
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A Service exposes a set of pods at layer 4. An Ingress is a layer 7 HTTP routing resource that maps hostnames and paths to services, for example api.example.com to the api service and /admin to another. It needs an ingress controller such as NGINX or a cloud controller to work. One Ingress with one load balancer can serve many services, and it handles TLS termination.
09

Write PromQL queries for request rate, error rate and p95 latency.

Monitoring, Logging and SREMedium
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# requests per second per service over 5 minutes sum by (service) (rate(http_requests_total[5m])) # error ratio (5xx) sum(rate(http_requests_total{status=~"5.."}[5m])) / sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m])) # p95 latency from a histogram histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by (le) (rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))) rate() works on counters and handles resets; the le label holds histogram bucket bounds.
10

Logging costs are rising fast because of huge log volume. What do you do?

Monitoring, Logging and SREHard
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Find the top log sources by volume. Lower verbose debug logging in production, drop health check and noisy access logs, and sample high-volume info logs. Use structured logs to avoid duplicated fields. Set retention tiers: a few days hot, then archive to S3. Turn repeated log lines into metrics where only counts matter, which is far cheaper to store and query.
11

Your app fails to start with 'address already in use' on port 8080. What do you do?

Linux and Shell ScriptingEasy
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Find what is holding the port with ss -ltnp | grep 8080 or lsof -i :8080. If it is an old instance of the same app that did not shut down, stop it gracefully or fix the service manager so only one runs. If it is another service, change one app's port through configuration rather than hard coding. Then restart and confirm with curl localhost:8080.
12

How do you use git bisect to find the commit that introduced a bug?

Git and Version ControlHard
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git bisect start git bisect bad # current commit has the bug git bisect good v1.4.0 # last known good tag # Git checks out a middle commit; test it, then mark it git bisect good # or: git bisect bad # repeat until Git prints the first bad commit git bisect reset # automate with a test script git bisect run ./run-tests.sh Bisect is a binary search, so 1000 commits need about 10 tests.
13

How do you write an Ansible inventory and run ad-hoc commands?

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform and Ansible)Easy
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# inventory.ini [web] web1 ansible_host=10.0.1.10 web2 ansible_host=10.0.1.11 [db] db1 ansible_host=10.0.2.20 [all:vars] ansible_user=ubuntu # ad-hoc commands ansible all -i inventory.ini -m ping ansible web -i inventory.ini -a "uptime" ansible web -i inventory.ini -m apt -a "name=htop state=present" --become Ad-hoc commands suit quick one-off checks; repeatable work belongs in playbooks.
14

How does the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler work?

KubernetesMedium
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The HPA periodically reads metrics from the metrics server or a custom metrics adapter and changes the replica count of a Deployment or StatefulSet to keep a target, for example 70 percent average CPU. It calculates desired replicas from current usage divided by the target, within min and max bounds, with stabilisation windows to avoid flapping. CPU-based HPA needs resource requests set.
15

Explain git reset --soft, --mixed and --hard.

Git and Version ControlMedium
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All three move the current branch pointer to another commit. --soft keeps your changes staged, useful for recombining commits. --mixed, the default, keeps changes in the working directory but unstaged. --hard discards changes in both staging and working directory, so uncommitted work is lost. Lost commits can usually still be found with git reflog for a while.
16

What is the difference between volumes and bind mounts?

Docker and ContainersMedium
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A volume is storage managed by Docker under its own directory, created with docker volume create and referenced by name; it is portable and is the recommended way to persist data such as databases. A bind mount maps a specific host path into the container, which is handy for local development hot reload but depends on host directory layout and permissions.
17

Explain Ansible architecture: inventory, modules and playbooks.

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform and Ansible)Easy
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Ansible runs from a control node and connects to managed hosts over SSH, or WinRM for Windows, with no agent needed. The inventory lists hosts and groups. Modules are units of work like apt, copy or service. Playbooks are YAML files containing plays that map host groups to ordered tasks. Variables, templates with Jinja2 and roles organise larger automation.
18

What is the Terraform state file and why is it important?

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform and Ansible)Medium
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terraform.tfstate maps the resources in your code to real resources in the cloud, storing their IDs and attributes. Terraform compares code, state and reality to decide what to create, change or destroy. Without it Terraform would not know what it manages. It may contain secrets in plain text, so store it in a secure remote backend, never in Git.
19

How do you run a matrix build in GitHub Actions?

CI/CD PipelinesMedium
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jobs: test: runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }} strategy: fail-fast: false matrix: os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest] python: ['3.11', '3.12'] steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - uses: actions/setup-python@v5 with: python-version: ${{ matrix.python }} - run: pip install -r requirements.txt - run: pytest This creates four parallel jobs; fail-fast false lets all finish so you see every failure.
20

Explain the Kubernetes architecture.

KubernetesMedium
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The control plane has the kube-apiserver, the front door for all requests; etcd, the key-value store holding cluster state; the scheduler, which places pods on nodes; and the controller manager, which runs reconciliation loops. Each worker node runs the kubelet, which starts and monitors pods; kube-proxy, which handles service networking; and a container runtime such as containerd.
21

Explain Docker network types.

Docker and ContainersMedium
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bridge is the default: containers get private IPs on a virtual bridge and reach outside through NAT; user-defined bridges also provide DNS by container name. host shares the host's network stack directly, with no port mapping. none disables networking. overlay connects containers across multiple hosts in Swarm. macvlan gives a container its own MAC address on the physical network.
22

Tell me about a time you introduced a new tool or practice to your team.

Docker and ContainersMedium
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Situation: new developers took two days to set up our app locally because of different OS versions and manual database installs. Task: I wanted to make onboarding easy. Action: I created a Docker Compose setup with the app, database and seed data, wrote a short README and demoed it. Result: setup dropped to under an hour and the team adopted it for CI.
23

An EC2 instance in a private subnet cannot download packages from the internet. Why?

AWS Cloud for DevOpsMedium
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A private subnet has no direct route to the Internet Gateway. Check that its route table sends 0.0.0.0/0 to a NAT Gateway placed in a public subnet, that the NAT Gateway has an Elastic IP, and that the security group and NACL allow outbound traffic and return ports. For AWS services like S3, a VPC endpoint avoids NAT data charges.
24

Tell me about a time you reduced cloud costs.

AWS Cloud for DevOpsMedium
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Situation: our dev and test AWS accounts cost almost as much as production. Task: my manager asked me to cut waste without slowing teams. Action: I tagged resources by owner, found idle instances and old snapshots, scheduled non-production instances to stop at night with a Lambda, and moved CI agents to Spot. Result: non-production spend fell about 40 percent within two months.
25

What are Ansible roles?

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform and Ansible)Medium
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A role is a standard folder structure that packages tasks, handlers, templates, files, variables and defaults for one purpose, for example a nginx or postgres role. Playbooks then just list roles for host groups, keeping them short and reusable across projects. Roles can be shared through Ansible Galaxy or collections, and tested with Molecule.
26

Explain the Jenkins controller and agent architecture.

CI/CD PipelinesMedium
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The Jenkins controller stores configuration, schedules jobs, serves the UI and keeps build history. Agents are separate machines or containers that actually execute build steps, connected over SSH or JNLP and selected by labels. Running builds on agents rather than the controller keeps the controller stable and secure, and lets you scale with dynamic agents on Kubernetes or cloud VMs that are created per build.
27

You suddenly cannot SSH into a Linux server. What do you check?

Linux and Shell ScriptingMedium
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Check reachability with ping and whether port 22 is open with nc -zv host 22. Then look at security groups, firewall rules and whether the sshd service is running, using the cloud console or serial access. Run ssh -vvv to see whether it fails at key exchange or authentication. Common causes are wrong key permissions, a full disk, a changed IP, or fail2ban blocking you.
28

How do you define variables and outputs in Terraform?

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform and Ansible)Easy
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# variables.tf variable "instance_type" { type = string default = "t3.micro" description = "EC2 size" } # outputs.tf output "public_ip" { value = aws_instance.web.public_ip } # use them terraform apply -var="instance_type=t3.small" terraform apply -var-file=prod.tfvars terraform output public_ip Outputs also pass values between modules.
29

How do you manage secrets in a CI/CD pipeline?

CI/CD PipelinesMedium
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Never store secrets in code or the Jenkinsfile. Use the CI tool's encrypted credentials store, such as Jenkins credentials or GitHub Actions secrets, or fetch them at runtime from HashiCorp Vault or AWS Secrets Manager. Prefer short-lived credentials, for example OIDC federation from GitHub Actions to AWS instead of long-lived keys. Mask secrets in logs and give each pipeline only the permissions it needs.
30

You need one pipeline that deploys to dev, staging and production with approval before production. How do you design it?

CI/CD PipelinesMedium
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Build and test once, publish a versioned artefact, then promote it through environments. Dev deploys automatically on merge, staging deploys after dev smoke tests, and production waits for a manual approval from authorised people using a Jenkins input step or GitHub environment protection rules. Keep environment-specific settings in config files or parameters, not separate pipelines, and record who approved each release.
31

What is the difference between continuous integration, continuous delivery and continuous deployment?

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Continuous integration means developers merge small changes often and every merge is automatically built and tested. Continuous delivery goes further: every passing build is packaged and ready to release, but a human approves the production push. Continuous deployment removes that manual step, so every change that passes all checks goes to production automatically. Each stage needs more test confidence than the last.
32

The build works on your laptop but fails on the CI server. How do you debug it?

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The environments differ. Compare tool versions such as JDK, Node or Python, environment variables, and dependency versions, especially if there is no lock file. Check for files present locally but not committed, and for hard-coded paths. Reproduce by running the build inside the same Docker image the CI agent uses. Long term, build inside containers so local and CI match.
33

How do you find files larger than 100 MB and older than 7 days under /var/log?

Linux and Shell ScriptingMedium
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find /var/log -type f -size +100M -mtime +7 -exec ls -lh {} + # compress them instead of just listing find /var/log -type f -size +100M -mtime +7 -exec gzip {} + -size +100M matches files above 100 MB, -mtime +7 means modified more than 7 days ago, and -exec with + passes many files to one command call, which is faster than running it once per file.
34

Tell me about a time you migrated an application to Kubernetes.

KubernetesHard
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Situation: our monolith and five services ran on hand-managed VMs with frequent config drift. Task: I led the move to a managed Kubernetes cluster. Action: I containerised each service, wrote Helm charts, added probes and resource limits, set up Argo CD, and migrated one low-risk service first with a rollback plan. Result: deployments went from weekly to daily and VM costs dropped about 30 percent.
35

Write Terraform code to create an AWS EC2 instance.

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform and Ansible)Medium
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terraform { required_providers { aws = { source = "hashicorp/aws", version = "~> 5.0" } } } provider "aws" { region = "ap-south-1" } resource "aws_instance" "web" { ami = var.ami_id instance_type = "t3.micro" subnet_id = var.subnet_id tags = { Name = "web-server" Env = "dev" } } Run terraform init, plan and apply. ap-south-1 is the Mumbai region.
36

What is an inode in Linux?

Linux and Shell ScriptingMedium
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An inode is a data structure that stores a file's metadata: owner, permissions, size, timestamps, link count and pointers to data blocks, but not the file name. Names live in directory entries that map to inode numbers. A file system has a fixed number of inodes, so millions of tiny files can exhaust them while disk space is still free; check with df -i.

Frequently asked questions

Which companies hire DevOps professionals in Ahmedabad?

Companies with large offices in Ahmedabad include many IT services and product firms. Use their company pages below to practise employer-specific sets.

Are DevOps interviews in Ahmedabad different from other cities?

The questions depend more on the company than the city. Ahmedabad's mix of employers decides the style: Companies here value hands-on skills and the ability to work across tools, especially in smaller teams

How do I find DevOps jobs in Ahmedabad?

Shortlist companies with Ahmedabad offices, keep your CV focused on DevOps projects, apply on company career pages and job portals with the Ahmedabad filter, and practise the questions on this page before each interview.

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