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DevOps Interview Questions in Gurgaon

36 practice questions with answers for DevOps interviews in Gurgaon.

DevOps jobs in Gurgaon

Gurgaon (Gurugram) is home to many multinational, consulting, fintech and consumer-internet offices. Interviews often expect strong business understanding along with technical skills, especially for analytics and product-facing roles.

Below are 36 questions that match the mix of service, product and domain employers hiring junior devops engineers in Gurgaon.

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01

How do you count unique client IP addresses in an nginx access log?

Linux and Shell ScriptingMedium
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awk '{print $1}' /var/log/nginx/access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -10 # total number of unique IPs awk '{print $1}' access.log | sort -u | wc -l The first field in the default log format is the client IP. uniq -c only collapses adjacent lines, so sort must run before it; the final sort -rn shows the busiest IPs first.
02

How do you schedule a cron job to run every day at 2:30 AM?

Linux and Shell ScriptingEasy
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crontab -e # min hour day month weekday command 30 2 * * * /opt/scripts/backup.sh >> /var/log/backup.log 2>&1 crontab -l # list jobs Use absolute paths because cron runs with a minimal PATH and environment. Redirect output to a log, otherwise errors are mailed or lost. On systemd hosts, timers are an alternative with better logging.
03

What is the difference between a process and a thread in Linux?

Linux and Shell ScriptingEasy
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A process is a running program with its own address space, file descriptors and PID. A thread is a unit of execution inside a process that shares the same memory and open files with other threads. Creating threads is cheaper and they communicate easily, but a bug in one thread can crash the whole process, while separate processes are isolated from each other.
04

Tell me about a blameless post-mortem you were part of.

Monitoring, Logging and SREMedium
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Situation: a certificate expired and our API was down for 40 minutes. Task: I wrote the post-mortem. Action: I built a timeline from logs and chat, and we focused on why the system allowed it rather than who forgot: renewal was manual and nothing alerted. Result: we automated renewal with cert-manager, added expiry alerts 21 days ahead, and tracked actions to closure.
05

What is Infrastructure as Code and what are its benefits?

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform and Ansible)Easy
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Infrastructure as Code means defining servers, networks, databases and other resources in version-controlled files instead of clicking in a console. Benefits are repeatable environments, code review for infrastructure changes, history and rollback through Git, fewer manual mistakes, faster provisioning and easy disaster recovery. Common tools are Terraform and OpenTofu for provisioning and Ansible for configuration management.
06

How do you assume an IAM role in another account using the AWS CLI?

AWS Cloud for DevOpsMedium
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# ~/.aws/config [profile prod-admin] role_arn = arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/DevOpsAdmin source_profile = default region = ap-south-1 aws s3 ls --profile prod-admin # manual way aws sts assume-role \ --role-arn arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/DevOpsAdmin \ --role-session-name ravi-session The role's trust policy must allow your account. Temporary credentials expire, usually after an hour.
07

How do you handle secrets in Terraform and Ansible?

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform and Ansible)Hard
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Do not hard-code secrets in .tf files or playbooks. In Terraform, read them from AWS Secrets Manager or Vault data sources, mark variables sensitive, and protect state because it may still hold values. In Ansible, encrypt secret variable files with ansible-vault and supply the vault password from CI secrets, or look up values from Vault at runtime. Rotate anything exposed in Git.
08

Why do you want to build a career in DevOps?

Linux and Shell ScriptingEasy
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I enjoy both writing code and understanding how systems run in production, and DevOps sits between the two. In my projects I set up a CI pipeline and Docker deployment and liked seeing a change go from commit to live in minutes. I want to keep learning cloud, Kubernetes and automation, and help teams release faster with fewer failures.
09

How do you design a highly available web application on AWS?

AWS Cloud for DevOpsHard
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Spread every tier across at least two Availability Zones. Put an ALB in front of an Auto Scaling group of stateless instances or containers. Use RDS Multi-AZ or Aurora for the database and ElastiCache for sessions. Serve static content from S3 through CloudFront and use Route 53 health checks. Remove single points of failure and test failover regularly.
10

How do you run stages in parallel in a Jenkins declarative pipeline?

CI/CD PipelinesHard
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stage('Tests') { parallel { stage('Unit') { steps { sh 'mvn test' } } stage('Lint') { steps { sh 'mvn checkstyle:check' } } stage('Security') { agent { docker { image 'aquasec/trivy' } } steps { sh 'trivy fs --exit-code 1 --severity CRITICAL .' } } } } Add failFast true to abort the others when one fails. Each branch can use its own agent.
11

How do you define variables and outputs in Terraform?

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform and Ansible)Easy
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# variables.tf variable "instance_type" { type = string default = "t3.micro" description = "EC2 size" } # outputs.tf output "public_ip" { value = aws_instance.web.public_ip } # use them terraform apply -var="instance_type=t3.small" terraform apply -var-file=prod.tfvars terraform output public_ip Outputs also pass values between modules.
12

How do you configure an S3 remote backend with locking?

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform and Ansible)Medium
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terraform { backend "s3" { bucket = "acme-terraform-state" key = "prod/network/terraform.tfstate" region = "ap-south-1" encrypt = true use_lockfile = true } } Then run terraform init (add -migrate-state if moving local state). Enable versioning on the bucket. Older setups use dynamodb_table = "tf-locks" instead of use_lockfile for locking.
13

An EC2 instance in a private subnet cannot download packages from the internet. Why?

AWS Cloud for DevOpsMedium
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A private subnet has no direct route to the Internet Gateway. Check that its route table sends 0.0.0.0/0 to a NAT Gateway placed in a public subnet, that the NAT Gateway has an Elastic IP, and that the security group and NACL allow outbound traffic and return ports. For AWS services like S3, a VPC endpoint avoids NAT data charges.
14

What is the difference between sudo and su?

Linux and Shell ScriptingEasy
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su switches to another user, usually root, and needs that user's password, giving a full shell as them. sudo runs a single command with elevated rights using your own password, and is controlled by rules in /etc/sudoers. sudo is preferred in teams because each action is logged against the real user and access can be limited to specific commands.
15

Explain the Jenkins controller and agent architecture.

CI/CD PipelinesMedium
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The Jenkins controller stores configuration, schedules jobs, serves the UI and keeps build history. Agents are separate machines or containers that actually execute build steps, connected over SSH or JNLP and selected by labels. Running builds on agents rather than the controller keeps the controller stable and secure, and lets you scale with dynamic agents on Kubernetes or cloud VMs that are created per build.
16

What is a multi-stage Docker build and why use it?

Docker and ContainersMedium
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A multi-stage build uses several FROM instructions in one Dockerfile. Early stages contain compilers and build tools to produce the artefact; the final stage starts from a small runtime image and copies only the built output with COPY --from. The result is a much smaller image with fewer vulnerabilities, because build tools, source code and caches never reach production.
17

How do you run a matrix build in GitHub Actions?

CI/CD PipelinesMedium
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jobs: test: runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }} strategy: fail-fast: false matrix: os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest] python: ['3.11', '3.12'] steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - uses: actions/setup-python@v5 with: python-version: ${{ matrix.python }} - run: pip install -r requirements.txt - run: pytest This creates four parallel jobs; fail-fast false lets all finish so you see every failure.
18

How do you keep yourself updated with new DevOps tools and practices?

Docker and ContainersEasy
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I follow official release notes for tools I use, such as Kubernetes and Terraform, and read a few engineering blogs and CNCF updates weekly. I learn by doing, so I try new tools in a small home lab or free cloud tier before suggesting them. I also prepare for certifications to structure my learning, and share short notes with my team.
19

df shows the disk is 100 percent full but du does not find large files. What is happening?

Linux and Shell ScriptingHard
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Usually a large file was deleted while a process still holds it open, so the space is not released. Run lsof +L1 or lsof | grep deleted to find the process and file. Restarting or reloading that process frees the space; if you cannot restart, truncate the file through /proc/<pid>/fd/<n>. The fix is proper log rotation with copytruncate or a reopen signal.
20

Write a declarative Jenkinsfile with build, test and deploy stages.

CI/CD PipelinesMedium
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pipeline { agent { label 'linux' } stages { stage('Build') { steps { sh 'mvn -B clean package -DskipTests' } } stage('Test') { steps { sh 'mvn -B test' } post { always { junit 'target/surefire-reports/*.xml' } } } stage('Deploy') { when { branch 'main' } steps { sh './deploy.sh staging' } } } post { failure { echo 'Build failed' } } }
21

The host disk is filling up because of Docker. How do you clean up and prevent it?

Docker and ContainersMedium
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Check usage with docker system df. Remove stopped containers, dangling images and unused networks with docker system prune, and old build cache with docker builder prune; be careful with the volumes flag. Container logs are a common culprit, so configure log rotation with max-size and max-file in daemon.json. In CI agents, schedule regular pruning jobs.
22

Tell me about a time you automated a repetitive manual task.

Linux and Shell ScriptingMedium
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Situation: our team manually cleaned old build artefacts on shared servers every week, which took two hours and sometimes deleted the wrong files. Task: I offered to automate it. Action: I wrote a bash script with dry-run mode, logging and a retention rule, tested it on staging and scheduled it with cron. Result: zero manual effort and no more full-disk alerts for six months.
23

How do Docker image layers and build caching work?

Docker and ContainersMedium
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Each Dockerfile instruction like RUN, COPY or ADD creates a layer. Docker caches layers and reuses them if the instruction and its inputs have not changed; once one layer changes, all later layers rebuild. So copy dependency files and install dependencies first, then copy source code. That way code changes do not reinstall all packages, and builds become much faster.
24

Write a Prometheus alerting rule for a high error rate.

Monitoring, Logging and SREMedium
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groups: - name: api-alerts rules: - alert: HighErrorRate expr: | sum(rate(http_requests_total{job="api",status=~"5.."}[5m])) / sum(rate(http_requests_total{job="api"}[5m])) > 0.05 for: 10m labels: severity: page annotations: summary: "API error rate above 5 percent" runbook: "https://wiki.example.com/runbooks/api-errors" for: 10m ignores short spikes; Alertmanager routes by the severity label.
25

What are the S3 storage classes and lifecycle policies?

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S3 Standard is for frequently accessed data. Standard-IA and One Zone-IA are cheaper for infrequent access but charge retrieval fees. Intelligent-Tiering moves objects automatically based on access. Glacier Instant, Flexible Retrieval and Deep Archive are for archives with slower, cheaper access. Lifecycle rules move objects between classes after a set age and delete old versions or logs automatically.
26

What is Kubernetes and why do companies use it?

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Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform. You declare the desired state, such as five replicas of an API, and it schedules containers across nodes, restarts failed ones, scales them, balances traffic and rolls out updates. Companies use it to run many microservices reliably on shared infrastructure, on any cloud or on-premises, through managed services like EKS, AKS and GKE.
27

What is a DaemonSet and when is it used?

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A DaemonSet makes sure one copy of a pod runs on every node, or on a selected group of nodes. When a node joins the cluster, the pod is added automatically. It is used for node-level agents such as log collectors like Fluent Bit, monitoring agents like the Prometheus node exporter, and CNI or storage plugins.
28

Write a bash script that checks whether a service is running and restarts it if not.

Linux and Shell ScriptingMedium
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#!/bin/bash set -u SERVICE="nginx" if ! systemctl is-active --quiet "$SERVICE"; then echo "$(date) $SERVICE down, restarting" >> /var/log/svc-check.log systemctl restart "$SERVICE" if ! systemctl is-active --quiet "$SERVICE"; then echo "$SERVICE failed to start" | mail -s "ALERT" ops@example.com fi fi Run it from cron every few minutes; a real setup would rely on systemd Restart= plus monitoring.
29

An e-commerce site expects 10 times normal traffic during a festive sale. How do you prepare?

AWS Cloud for DevOpsHard
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Load test beforehand to find bottlenecks. Pre-scale Auto Scaling groups or Kubernetes nodes with scheduled scaling, since reactive scaling may be too slow. Cache aggressively with CloudFront and Redis, add read replicas, and check service quotas. Use queues to absorb spikes in order processing, set up dashboards and alerts, freeze risky deployments, and keep an on-call war room ready.
30

Explain the Kubernetes Service types ClusterIP, NodePort and LoadBalancer.

KubernetesMedium
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A Service gives pods a stable IP and DNS name and load balances across them using label selectors. ClusterIP, the default, is reachable only inside the cluster. NodePort also opens a port, 30000 to 32767, on every node. LoadBalancer additionally asks the cloud provider to create an external load balancer pointing to the service. Each type builds on the previous one.
31

What is the difference between an Ingress and a Service?

KubernetesMedium
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A Service exposes a set of pods at layer 4. An Ingress is a layer 7 HTTP routing resource that maps hostnames and paths to services, for example api.example.com to the api service and /admin to another. It needs an ingress controller such as NGINX or a cloud controller to work. One Ingress with one load balancer can serve many services, and it handles TLS termination.
32

How much downtime does a 99.9 percent availability SLO allow?

Monitoring, Logging and SREEasy
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Allowed downtime = (1 - SLO) x period 99.9 percent over 30 days: 0.001 x 30 x 24 x 60 = 43.2 minutes per month 99.9 percent over a year = about 8.76 hours 99.95 percent per month = about 21.6 minutes 99.99 percent per month = about 4.3 minutes Each extra nine cuts the budget tenfold and usually needs much more redundancy and automation, so pick an SLO that matches real user needs.
33

What are the four golden signals, and the RED and USE methods?

Monitoring, Logging and SREMedium
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The four golden signals are latency, traffic, errors and saturation. RED, for request-driven services, tracks rate, errors and duration. USE, for resources such as CPU, disks and network, tracks utilisation, saturation and errors. RED tells you whether users are hurting; USE helps find which resource is the bottleneck. Together they give a solid starting set of dashboards and alerts.
34

How do an Application Load Balancer and an Auto Scaling group work together?

AWS Cloud for DevOpsMedium
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The Auto Scaling group launches EC2 instances from a launch template across several Availability Zones and keeps the count between min and max, scaling on policies such as target 60 percent CPU. It registers instances with the ALB's target group. The ALB spreads HTTP traffic across healthy targets, routes by path or host, and health checks let the group replace failed instances.
35

You are the incident commander for a major outage. What do you do?

Monitoring, Logging and SREHard
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Declare the incident, open a channel and bridge, and assign roles: someone to investigate, someone to communicate and a scribe. My job is to coordinate, not to debug. Prioritise mitigation over root cause, such as rollback, failover or feature flags. Post regular status updates to stakeholders. After recovery, confirm it is stable, close it and schedule a blameless post-mortem with action items.
36

What is the difference between volumes and bind mounts?

Docker and ContainersMedium
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A volume is storage managed by Docker under its own directory, created with docker volume create and referenced by name; it is portable and is the recommended way to persist data such as databases. A bind mount maps a specific host path into the container, which is handy for local development hot reload but depends on host directory layout and permissions.

Companies with offices in Gurgaon (5)

Consulting

Accenture

DevOps interview questions

  • 30 questions
  • 4 rounds

Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune +2

View questions
IT services

IBM

DevOps interview questions

  • 30 questions
  • 4 rounds

Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad +2

View questions
Product

Amazon

DevOps interview questions

  • 30 questions
  • 5 rounds

Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai +2

View questions
Product

Microsoft

DevOps interview questions

  • 30 questions
  • 5 rounds

Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Noida +2

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Consulting

Thoughtworks

DevOps interview questions

  • 30 questions
  • 5 rounds

Pune, Bengaluru, Chennai +2

View questions

Frequently asked questions

Which companies hire DevOps professionals in Gurgaon?

Companies with large offices in Gurgaon include Accenture, IBM, Amazon, Microsoft, Thoughtworks. Use their company pages below to practise employer-specific sets.

Are DevOps interviews in Gurgaon different from other cities?

The questions depend more on the company than the city. Gurgaon's mix of employers decides the style: Interviews often expect strong business understanding along with technical skills, especially for analytics and product-facing roles

How do I find DevOps jobs in Gurgaon?

Shortlist companies with Gurgaon offices, keep your CV focused on DevOps projects, apply on company career pages and job portals with the Gurgaon filter, and practise the questions on this page before each interview.

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