36 practice questions with answers for .NET Full Stack interviews in Indore.
.NET Full Stack jobs in Indore
Indore is one of central India's fastest-growing IT hubs, with IT-services campuses and product start-ups in its Super Corridor and IT parks. Companies here hire many freshers and value hands-on project work.
Below are 36 questions that match the mix of service, product and domain employers hiring .net developers in Indore.
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01
A read-only product listing endpoint in EF Core uses a lot of memory and CPU. What simple change helps, and why?
By default, EF Core tracks every entity it loads so it can detect changes on SaveChanges, which costs memory and CPU. AsNoTracking tells EF Core not to track the results, making read-only queries faster and lighter. Use it for lists, reports and GET endpoints where you will not update the data. AsNoTrackingWithIdentityResolution avoids duplicate instances of the same entity in results while still skipping tracking.
02
What is the difference between a primary key and a unique key in SQL Server?
Both enforce uniqueness. A table can have only one primary key, it cannot contain NULLs, and by default SQL Server creates a clustered index for it. A table can have many unique constraints, each allowing a single NULL in SQL Server, and they create non-clustered indexes by default. Use the primary key for row identity, such as EmployeeId, and unique keys for business rules like a unique email or PAN.
03
What is the difference between a stored procedure and a user-defined function?
A stored procedure can perform inserts, updates and deletes, use transactions and TRY-CATCH, return multiple result sets and output parameters, and is called with EXEC. A function must return a value or table, cannot modify database state, and can be used inside SELECT, WHERE and JOIN. Scalar functions used row by row can hurt performance, although SQL Server 2019 and later can inline many of them.
04
What is the difference between == and Equals() in C#?
For reference types, == by default checks reference equality, meaning both variables point to the same object, while Equals can be overridden to compare content. String overrides both, so == compares text. For value types, Equals compares field values. Records generate value-based equality automatically. When you override Equals, also override GetHashCode so objects behave correctly in dictionaries and hash sets.
05
Show how to bind configuration from appsettings.json using the Options pattern.
// appsettings.json
// "Smtp": { "Host": "smtp.example.com", "Port": 587 }
public class SmtpOptions
{
public string Host { get; set; } = "";
public int Port { get; set; }
}
builder.Services.Configure<SmtpOptions>(builder.Configuration.GetSection("Smtp"));
public class EmailService(IOptions<SmtpOptions> options)
{
private readonly SmtpOptions _smtp = options.Value;
}
appsettings.{Environment}.json and environment variables override base values. Use IOptionsMonitor to pick up changes without restart.
06
Configure JWT bearer authentication in an ASP.NET Core API.
ref passes a variable by reference; it must be initialised before the call and the method can read and change it. out also passes by reference but need not be initialised, and the method must assign it before returning, as in int.TryParse. in passes by reference as read-only, which avoids copying large structs while preventing changes. Overusing ref and out makes code harder to read, so tuples are often cleaner.
08
What is the difference between concurrency and parallelism?
Concurrency means dealing with many tasks at once by interleaving them, for example a web server handling thousands of requests that mostly wait on I/O. Parallelism means doing many computations at the same instant on multiple cores, such as processing an image in four chunks. async/await gives concurrency; Parallel.For and PLINQ give parallelism. A program can be concurrent on a single core but parallel only with multiple cores.
09
Why should we hire you as a .NET full stack developer?
I can contribute on both sides of a feature: I have built ASP.NET Core APIs with EF Core and SQL Server, and front ends in Angular and React, and deployed them myself. I write clean, tested code and I am comfortable reading logs and execution plans when things break. I learn quickly, ask questions early and take ownership, so you can give me a module and trust that it will be completed properly.
10
An API endpoint calls _db.Orders.ToList().Where(o => o.CustomerId == id) and is slow as the table grows. Explain and fix it.
ToList executes immediately, so the entire Orders table is loaded into memory and then filtered in C#. As data grows, memory and response time grow with it. Move the filter before materialisation: await _db.Orders.Where(o => o.CustomerId == id).AsNoTracking().ToListAsync(). Now EF Core sends a WHERE clause, the database uses an index on CustomerId, and only matching rows travel over the network.
Single Responsibility: a class has one reason to change. Open/Closed: extend behaviour without editing existing code. Liskov Substitution: derived types must work wherever the base type is expected. Interface Segregation: prefer small, focused interfaces over one fat interface. Dependency Inversion: depend on abstractions, not concrete classes. In ASP.NET Core, injecting IEmailSender into a controller instead of creating SmtpClient directly applies dependency inversion.
12
What are components and standalone components in Angular?
A component is a TypeScript class with the @Component decorator, a template and styles, representing one piece of UI such as a product card. Earlier, every component had to be declared in an NgModule. Standalone components import their own dependencies directly through the imports array and need no module; since Angular 19 they are the default. This simplifies apps, enables easier lazy loading and is the recommended approach in 2026.
13
Tell me about a production bug you had to debug under time pressure.
Last year (Situation) our order API started timing out during a sale. My task was to restore service fast. I checked dashboards, saw thread count climbing with low CPU, and took a dump that showed threads blocked on a .Result call added in a recent release. Action: I hotfixed it to proper async and rolled out within an hour. Result: latency returned to normal, and I added an analyser rule to block sync-over-async.
// run three independent calls in parallel
var userTask = userApi.GetAsync(id);
var ordersTask = orderApi.GetAsync(id);
var walletTask = walletApi.GetAsync(id);
await Task.WhenAll(userTask, ordersTask, walletTask);
var dashboard = new Dashboard(userTask.Result, ordersTask.Result, walletTask.Result);
// timeout using WhenAny
var work = SlowCallAsync();
if (await Task.WhenAny(work, Task.Delay(2000)) != work)
throw new TimeoutException();
WhenAll completes when all finish; WhenAny returns the first task to finish.
15
Configure a one-to-many relationship between Customer and Order using the Fluent API.
public class Customer { public int Id { get; set; } public List<Order> Orders { get; set; } = []; }
public class Order { public int Id { get; set; } public int CustomerId { get; set; } public Customer Customer { get; set; } = null!; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder mb)
{
mb.Entity<Order>()
.HasOne(o => o.Customer)
.WithMany(c => c.Orders)
.HasForeignKey(o => o.CustomerId)
.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict);
mb.Entity<Order>().Property(o => o.Total).HasPrecision(18, 2);
}
Restrict prevents deleting a customer who still has orders.
16
What are the four pillars of object-oriented programming?
Encapsulation hides internal state behind methods and properties. Abstraction exposes only what the caller needs, using abstract classes and interfaces. Inheritance lets a class reuse and extend another class. Polymorphism lets one interface have many implementations, so code calls Pay() without knowing whether it is a card or UPI payment. Together they make code easier to change, test and reuse.
17
Show bulk update and delete with ExecuteUpdate and ExecuteDelete.
// mark all unpaid invoices older than 30 days as overdue
int updated = await db.Invoices
.Where(i => !i.IsPaid && i.DueDate < DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(-30))
.ExecuteUpdateAsync(s => s
.SetProperty(i => i.Status, "Overdue")
.SetProperty(i => i.UpdatedAt, DateTime.UtcNow));
// delete old logs
int deleted = await db.AuditLogs
.Where(l => l.CreatedAt < cutoff)
.ExecuteDeleteAsync();
These run a single SQL UPDATE or DELETE without loading entities, available since EF Core 7. They bypass the change tracker.
18
What are useMemo and useCallback used for in React?
useMemo caches the result of an expensive calculation and recalculates only when its dependencies change, such as filtering 10,000 rows. useCallback caches a function reference so that a child wrapped in React.memo does not re-render just because a new function was created. Both are optimisations and add complexity, so use them where profiling shows a problem. The React Compiler, stable since late 2025, can apply much of this memoisation automatically.
19
Where should you store secrets like connection strings and API keys in an ASP.NET Core app?
Never commit them in appsettings.json. During development use the Secret Manager (dotnet user-secrets), which stores them outside the project folder. In production use environment variables or, better, a vault such as Azure Key Vault or AWS Secrets Manager, loaded through a configuration provider and accessed with managed identity so no credential sits in code. Rotate secrets regularly and restrict who can read them.
20
What is the difference between a Task and a Thread?
A Thread is an OS-level execution unit with its own stack, costly to create. A Task is a higher-level promise of work that may or may not use a thread; I/O tasks often use no thread while waiting, and CPU tasks run on pooled threads. Tasks support return values, continuations, cancellation, exceptions and composition with WhenAll. In modern .NET you almost always use Tasks rather than creating threads manually.
21
Your Angular app's first load is slow on mobile because the main bundle is very large. How does lazy loading of routes help?
Lazy loading splits the app into chunks that download only when the user navigates to that route, so the initial bundle is smaller and the first page loads faster, especially on mobile data. In Angular use loadComponent or loadChildren with a dynamic import in the route config; in React use React.lazy with Suspense or the router's lazy option. Angular's @defer blocks can also delay heavy parts of a page.
22
Show an example of the Dependency Inversion Principle in C#.
public interface INotifier { Task SendAsync(string to, string msg); }
public class SmsNotifier : INotifier
{
public Task SendAsync(string to, string msg) => Task.CompletedTask; // call SMS API
}
public class OrderService(INotifier notifier)
{
public Task ConfirmAsync(Order o) => notifier.SendAsync(o.Phone, "Order placed");
}
// Program.cs
builder.Services.AddScoped<INotifier, SmsNotifier>();
OrderService depends on the abstraction, so you can swap to email or a mock without changing it.
An async void method cannot be awaited, so the caller does not know when it finishes. Exceptions thrown inside it cannot be caught by the caller; they go to the synchronization context and can crash the process. It is also hard to unit test. Use async Task instead. The only accepted use of async void is for event handlers, such as button click handlers in desktop apps, where the signature is fixed.
24
What is the difference between authentication and authorization in ASP.NET Core?
Authentication answers who you are: middleware reads a cookie or JWT, validates it and builds a ClaimsPrincipal for HttpContext.User. Authorization answers what you may do: it checks that user against rules such as [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")] or a policy like requiring an Employee claim with a certain department. A missing or invalid identity gives 401 Unauthorized, while a valid user without permission gets 403 Forbidden.
WHERE filters individual rows before grouping and cannot use aggregate functions. HAVING filters groups after GROUP BY and can use aggregates like COUNT or SUM. For example, WHERE City = 'Pune' keeps only Pune rows, then GROUP BY DepartmentId HAVING COUNT(*) > 10 keeps departments with more than 10 such employees. Put non-aggregate conditions in WHERE so fewer rows are grouped, which is faster.
26
Explain eager, lazy and explicit loading in EF Core.
Eager loading fetches related data in the same query using Include and ThenInclude, for example orders with their items. Lazy loading loads a navigation property automatically the first time you access it, requiring proxies and virtual properties; it is convenient but easily causes N+1 queries. Explicit loading loads a navigation on demand with Entry(order).Collection(o => o.Items).LoadAsync(). Projection with Select is often better than all three.
Authorization filters run first and can block a request. Resource filters run before model binding, useful for caching. Action filters run before and after an action, for logging or validation. Exception filters handle errors thrown by actions. Result filters run around the result execution, for example to add headers. Filters apply globally, per controller or per action. Unlike middleware, they can access MVC details like action arguments.
public async IAsyncEnumerable<Order> GetOrdersAsync(
[EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken ct = default)
{
await foreach (var o in _db.Orders.AsNoTracking().AsAsyncEnumerable().WithCancellation(ct))
yield return o;
}
// consumer
await foreach (var order in service.GetOrdersAsync())
Console.WriteLine(order.Id);
Items are produced and consumed one at a time asynchronously. ASP.NET Core can stream an IAsyncEnumerable result as JSON without buffering the whole list.
29
Tell me about a disagreement with the front-end team over an API contract and how you resolved it.
On a dashboard feature (Situation) the React team wanted one endpoint returning everything, while I worried about payload size. My task was to agree a design quickly. I set up a short call, we listed exact screen needs, and I proposed one aggregated endpoint with paging and optional fields. We wrote the OpenAPI spec together. Result: payload dropped by half, the UI got one call, and the spec became our template for later features.
30
What are services and dependency injection in Angular?
A service is a class, marked @Injectable, that holds logic or data shared across components, such as API calls, authentication or a cart. Angular's DI creates the service and provides it to components that request it in the constructor or with the inject() function. With providedIn: 'root', one shared instance exists for the whole app. This keeps components focused on UI and makes logic easy to test.
Func<decimal, decimal> addGst = price => price * 1.18m;
Action<string> log = msg => Console.WriteLine($"[LOG] {msg}");
Predicate<int> isAdult = age => age >= 18;
decimal total = addGst(1000m); // 1180
log($"Total {total}");
bool ok = isAdult(21); // true
Func returns a value (last type argument is the return type), Action returns void, and Predicate<T> returns bool. They save you from declaring custom delegate types.
32
What is the difference between IEnumerable and IQueryable?
IEnumerable<T> works on in-memory data and executes LINQ with C# delegates, so filters run in the application. IQueryable<T> holds an expression tree that a provider such as EF Core translates into SQL, so filtering, sorting and paging happen in the database. If you return IEnumerable from a repository and then call Where, all rows may be loaded first. Keep queries as IQueryable until the final shape is ready.
33
What is the difference between controllers and Minimal APIs?
Controllers group actions into classes with attributes for routing, filters and model binding, which suits large APIs with many conventions. Minimal APIs map endpoints directly with app.MapGet and lambdas, with less ceremony and slightly better performance, ideal for microservices and small APIs. Since .NET 7 they support filters, route groups and OpenAPI, and .NET 10 adds built-in validation, so both are production-ready choices.
34
Show the difference between ROW_NUMBER, RANK and DENSE_RANK with a query.
SELECT Name, Department, Salary,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY Department ORDER BY Salary DESC) AS RowNum,
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY Department ORDER BY Salary DESC) AS Rnk,
DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY Department ORDER BY Salary DESC) AS DenseRnk
FROM Employees;
-- salaries 90, 90, 80 give
-- ROW_NUMBER: 1, 2, 3
-- RANK: 1, 1, 3
-- DENSE_RANK: 1, 1, 2
PARTITION BY restarts numbering for each department.
virtual marks a base method as replaceable. override in a derived class replaces it, so calls through a base reference run the derived version. new hides the base method instead: a call through a base reference still runs the base version, and only a derived-type reference sees the new one. Method hiding is usually a sign of a design problem, and the compiler warns when you hide without writing new.
36
Which HTTP status codes and methods should a REST API use, and what is the difference between PUT and PATCH?
GET reads, POST creates, PUT replaces, PATCH partially updates and DELETE removes. Return 200 OK for success with a body, 201 Created with a Location header after POST, 204 No Content after delete, 400 for invalid input, 401 unauthenticated, 403 forbidden, 404 not found, 409 conflict and 500 for server errors. PUT sends the full resource and is idempotent; PATCH sends only changed fields.
Few big employers listed in Indore?
Many Indore candidates also apply to teams in Pune and to remote or hybrid roles. Practise the Pune set as well.
Which companies hire .NET Full Stack professionals in Indore?
Companies with large offices in Indore include many IT services and product firms. Use their company pages below to practise employer-specific sets.
Are .NET Full Stack interviews in Indore different from other cities?
The questions depend more on the company than the city. Indore's mix of employers decides the style: Companies here hire many freshers and value hands-on project work
How do I find .NET Full Stack jobs in Indore?
Shortlist companies with Indore offices, keep your CV focused on .NET Full Stack projects, apply on company career pages and job portals with the Indore filter, and practise the questions on this page before each interview.