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Junior ABAP Developer Interview Questions & Answers

40 questions for Junior ABAP Developer interviews — 20 easy, 20 medium.

About the Junior ABAP Developer role

Builds and maintains custom reports, enhancements, interfaces and forms based on functional specifications. A junior developer writes ABAP with modern syntax, uses the data dictionary, debugs issues, reads CDS views and follows performance and transport rules. Over time the role grows into RAP, CDS modelling and clean core extension work on S/4HANA and BTP.

ABAP SQL Internal tables Debugging CDS views Enhancements
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01

What is the difference between row store and column store in HANA?

S/4HANA Architecture and LandscapeEasy
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A row store keeps all fields of a record together, which suits reading or writing whole records. A column store keeps each column's values together, which compresses well and makes scanning, filtering and aggregating a few columns across millions of rows very fast. Most S/4HANA application tables are column tables. Row tables are used only for some small, frequently updated technical tables.
02

What is the three-tier architecture of an SAP system?

S/4HANA Architecture and LandscapeEasy
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An SAP system has a presentation layer (SAP GUI, browser with Fiori), an application layer (one or more ABAP application servers running work processes that execute business logic), and a database layer (SAP HANA in S/4HANA). Users connect to the application server, which reads and writes the database. This separation lets companies scale by adding application servers and keeps the database central.
03

Users ask for an extra column in a standard Fiori list report. What are your options?

Fiori and SAPUI5 BasicsMedium
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Users can first check the table settings, because many fields are available but hidden. If the field exists in the service but not the UI, a key user can use Adapt UI or a developer can add an app variant or annotation extension. If the field does not exist, the Custom Fields app can add it and enable it for the app. A custom app is the last option.
04

What is SAP Business Application Studio?

Fiori and SAPUI5 BasicsMedium
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SAP Business Application Studio (BAS) is a cloud development environment on SAP BTP based on Code-OSS. It offers dev spaces with SAP Fiori tools, generators for Fiori elements and freestyle apps, CAP development, service connections through BTP destinations, a preview with mock data, and deployment to the ABAP repository or BTP. Developers can also use VS Code with the same Fiori tools extensions locally.
05

What is the ABAP Data Dictionary?

ABAP BasicsEasy
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The ABAP Dictionary (transaction SE11) is the central place where database tables, views, data elements, domains, structures, table types, search helps and lock objects are defined. A domain defines technical type and value range, and a data element adds business meaning and field labels. Definitions are shared by all programs, so changes are consistent across the system and tables are created in the database on activation.
06

What are internal tables in ABAP?

ABAP BasicsEasy
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Internal tables hold multiple rows of data in memory during program run time, similar to arrays of structures. Types are standard (index access, appended rows), sorted (kept sorted by key, binary search) and hashed (unique key access with constant time). Programs fill them with SELECT, then loop, read, modify or sort them. Choosing the right type matters for performance with large data.
07

What are the key simplifications in S/4HANA compared to ECC?

S/4HANA Architecture and LandscapeMedium
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Main simplifications are: no aggregate and index tables in many areas, the Universal Journal for finance, Business Partner as the single master for customers and vendors, a simplified inventory table MATDOC, a longer 40-character material number option, new credit management, output management based on BRF+, and Fiori as the main user experience. SAP lists all these changes in the Simplification List for each release.
08

Describe how you handle code reviews.

ABAP BasicsMedium
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Situation: our team had frequent production defects. Task: improve quality without slowing delivery. Action: I introduced a simple checklist covering naming, performance, error handling and ATC checks, and paired review for every transport. I kept comments respectful and focused on code, not people. Result: production defects from custom code dropped noticeably over two quarters, and juniors learned faster from review comments.
09

How do you read an SAP Note and decide if it applies?

SAP Modules OverviewMedium
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An SAP Note describes a problem, solution, affected releases and support packages, and prerequisites. I search notes in SAP for Me using the error message, component and keywords, then check the validity section against our release and support pack level. If it applies, I use SNOTE to download and implement correction instructions in development, test it, and transport. For manual steps, I follow them exactly and document them.
10

How do you generate a Fiori elements app with SAP Fiori tools?

Fiori and SAPUI5 BasicsMedium
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In Business Application Studio or VS Code, open the Fiori application generator, choose a floor plan such as List Report Page, select the data source by connecting to a system or BTP destination and picking the OData service, choose the main entity and navigation, enter project details, and generate. Then preview with live or mock data, add annotations with the guided development tool, and deploy to the ABAP repository.
11

How do you keep your SAP skills up to date?

Fiori and SAPUI5 BasicsMedium
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Situation: SAP releases changes every year, and cloud products update quarterly. Task: stay current while working full time. Action: I follow SAP Community blogs and release notes, use SAP Learning Hub or free learning journeys, practice in a trial BTP account, and earn a certification every year or two. Result: I was the first in my team to work on RAP and Fiori elements, which helped us win a new extension project.
12

A transport moved to quality but the configuration is not visible there. What do you check?

S/4HANA Architecture and LandscapeMedium
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I check the import log in STMS to confirm the request was imported without errors (return code 0 or 4). Then I confirm the change was saved in the right request and client, and whether it was client-specific customizing that needs a client copy or import into the specific QAS client. I also check for missing dependent transports, such as a new field or table that the configuration relies on, and object locks in another request.
13

What is SAP Fiori?

Fiori and SAPUI5 BasicsEasy
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SAP Fiori is SAP's design system and user experience for business apps. It follows principles of being role-based, adaptive, simple, coherent and delightful, so each user sees only the apps for their job on any device. Fiori apps are built with SAPUI5 and accessed through the Fiori launchpad. In S/4HANA, Fiori is the target user interface, and the current design language is SAP Fiori with the Horizon theme.
14

Write a basic CDS view entity that shows sales order items with their header data.

ABAP BasicsMedium
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A view entity joins header and item with an association and exposes fields with aliases. @AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK @EndUserText.label: 'Sales order items' define view entity ZI_SalesOrderItem as select from vbap as Item association [1..1] to vbak as _Header on $projection.SalesOrder = _Header.vbeln { key Item.vbeln as SalesOrder, key Item.posnr as SalesOrderItem, Item.matnr as Material, Item.kwmeng as OrderQuantity, _Header.kunnr as SoldToParty, _Header }
15

What are SAP Fiori elements?

Fiori and SAPUI5 BasicsMedium
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Fiori elements are predefined floor plans, such as List Report, Object Page, Analytical List Page, Overview Page and Worklist, that generate the UI from metadata. The developer provides an OData service and CDS annotations describing fields, line items and facets, and the framework renders a consistent app with little JavaScript. This speeds development and keeps apps consistent and upgrade-safe compared to freestyle SAPUI5.
16

Tell me about a project you built while learning SAP.

Fiori and SAPUI5 BasicsEasy
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Situation: in my training, I wanted hands-on practice beyond theory. Task: build an end-to-end mini project. Action: I created a simple order to cash flow on the training system, then built a CDS view and a Fiori elements list report to show open orders, and documented each step. Result: I understood how data flows from transactions to Fiori, and I can now explain it confidently with real screens.
17

Why do you want to build a career in SAP?

ERP and SAP FundamentalsEasy
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Situation: during my final year I saw how companies struggle with disconnected spreadsheets. Task: I wanted a career that combines business and technology. Action: I studied ERP concepts, practiced on an S/4HANA training system and learned the order to cash and procure to pay flows. Result: I understood that SAP skills are in steady demand across Indian IT services and in-house teams, and that they offer long-term growth into consulting, solution architecture and project management.
18

What is a client in SAP?

S/4HANA Architecture and LandscapeEasy
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A client is an independent business unit inside one SAP system, identified by a three-digit number such as 100 or 200. Each client has its own master data, transaction data and users, while repository objects such as programs and tables are shared across all clients. Configuration can be client-specific or cross-client. A development system often has a configuration client, a unit test client and a sandbox client.
19

A user gets the message 'You are not authorized to use transaction'. How do you handle it?

Navigation: SAP GUI and FioriMedium
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I ask the user to run SU53 right after the error, which shows the failed authorization check, including object and missing value. I compare it with their roles in SU01. If the access is valid for their job, I raise an access request through the approved process so the security team adds the correct role, rather than giving direct access. I also check segregation of duties rules before approval.
20

What is a plant in SAP?

Organizational Structure and Master DataEasy
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A plant is an operating location such as a factory, warehouse, distribution centre or branch, where materials are produced, stored or sold. It is assigned to exactly one company code. Stock, material valuation (usually at plant level), MRP and production happen at plant level. Under a plant there are storage locations that represent physical areas where stock is kept.
21

An approval Fiori app shows no items even though workflows exist. What do you check?

Fiori and SAPUI5 BasicsMedium
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I check that workflow items are actually assigned to the user in the inbox, using workflow logs in SWIA or the Manage Workflows app. Then I confirm the user has the My Inbox app role and back-end authorization, the OData services for the task gateway are active, and the task definitions are registered for the inbox scenario. Substitution rules and outdated cache can also hide items.
22

What does SAP PP do?

SAP Modules OverviewEasy
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SAP PP (Production Planning) supports manufacturing. It uses master data such as bill of materials (BOM), work centers and routings, and processes such as demand management, MRP, planned orders, production orders or process orders, goods issue of components, confirmations and goods receipt of finished goods. PP connects sales demand to procurement and production, and it updates costs in CO for each order.
23

How do you check the SAP release and component versions of a system?

S/4HANA Architecture and LandscapeEasy
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In SAP GUI, go to System then Status, which shows the client, user, transaction, program and database, and the component information button shows software components with release and support package levels, such as S4CORE. In the Fiori launchpad, the About option in the user menu shows the frontend version. Transaction SPAM also lists installed support packages. Knowing the release helps when reading SAP Notes.
24

A new user finds Fiori confusing compared to SAP GUI. How do you help?

Fiori and SAPUI5 BasicsMedium
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I show them their launchpad layout and the few apps they need, how to search apps, use filters and save views, and how list report and object page work together. I compare one familiar transaction with its Fiori app side by side. A short quick reference guide and a follow-up after a week usually build confidence, and their feedback helps improve role design.
25

What is the Simplification List and the Readiness Check?

S/4HANA Architecture and LandscapeMedium
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The Simplification List documents every functional and technical change in an S/4HANA release, such as removed transactions, changed tables and mandatory replacements. The SAP Readiness Check is a tool that analyses an existing ECC system and reports which simplification items apply, custom code impact, add-on compatibility, data volume and sizing. Together they help a team estimate the effort and plan a conversion project.
26

What is OData?

Fiori and SAPUI5 BasicsEasy
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OData (Open Data Protocol) is a REST-based standard to query and update data over HTTP using URLs and JSON or XML. It supports operations such as GET, POST, PATCH and DELETE, and query options like $filter, $select, $expand, $orderby, $top and $skip. Fiori apps use OData V2 or V4 services from SAP Gateway. The service metadata document ($metadata) describes entities and properties.
27

What is the Universal Journal in S/4HANA?

S/4HANA Architecture and LandscapeMedium
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The Universal Journal is table ACDOCA, which stores all actual line items from Finance, Controlling, Asset Accounting and Material Ledger in one place. In ECC these were spread across many tables such as BSEG, COEP, FAGLFLEXA and ANEP with totals tables. With one table, FI and CO are reconciled by design, reporting reads line items directly, and month-end reconciliation work is greatly reduced.
28

What is SAPUI5?

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SAPUI5 is SAP's JavaScript UI framework for building Fiori apps. It provides controls such as tables, forms and charts, MVC architecture with XML views and JavaScript controllers, data binding to OData and JSON models, theming and translation support. OpenUI5 is its open-source version. Developers usually build SAPUI5 apps in SAP Business Application Studio or VS Code with SAP Fiori tools.
29

What are the main functional modules in SAP S/4HANA?

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Key areas are Finance (FI) for legal accounting, Controlling (CO) for internal cost and profit analysis, Materials Management (MM) for purchasing and inventory, Sales and Distribution (SD) for selling and billing, Production Planning (PP) for manufacturing, Quality Management (QM), Plant Maintenance (PM), Warehouse Management (EWM), and Project System (PS). HR is now mostly delivered by SAP SuccessFactors, while S/4HANA keeps some on-premise HCM options.
30

A functional consultant needs a new field on the purchase order screen. How would you deliver it cleanly?

ABAP BasicsMedium
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In S/4HANA I would first try key user extensibility with the Custom Fields app, which adds the field to the database, Fiori UI, CDS views and APIs without code. If logic is needed, I use the Custom Logic app or a released BAdI. Only if these do not cover the case would I use classic enhancement such as a screen enhancement in ME21N. I document the choice for upgrade safety.
31

What is the difference between implementation, support and rollout projects?

ERP and SAP FundamentalsEasy
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An implementation project sets up SAP from scratch for a company. A support or AMS (Application Management Services) project keeps a live system running by solving tickets, small changes and month-end issues under SLAs. A rollout project copies an existing template to a new country or company code, adding local tax, language and legal needs, such as GST and e-invoicing for India. Many freshers in Indian IT services start in support projects.
32

The business needs a nightly interface file of open sales orders. How would you build it?

ABAP BasicsMedium
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I would write a report that selects open orders using a CDS view or ABAP SQL with proper filters, formats the data to the agreed layout, and writes the file to an application server directory or sends it through SAP Integration Suite. I would add a selection screen with variants, logging with the application log (SLG1), error notifications, and schedule it in SM36 or Application Jobs. Testing covers volume and format checks.
33

What do SAP QM and PM do?

SAP Modules OverviewMedium
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QM (Quality Management) plans and records inspections, for example at goods receipt or during production, using inspection plans, inspection lots, results recording and usage decisions, and manages quality notifications. PM (Plant Maintenance, now part of Asset Management) maintains equipment and functional locations through notifications, maintenance orders, preventive maintenance plans and costs. Both are important in manufacturing, pharma and process industries.
34

What is SAP HANA?

S/4HANA Architecture and LandscapeEasy
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SAP HANA is SAP's in-memory, column-oriented relational database. It keeps data mainly in RAM and stores it by column, which makes aggregation and analytics very fast and allows one system to handle both transactions and reporting (OLTP and OLAP). It also offers compression, calculation views, text search, spatial and predictive functions. S/4HANA runs only on HANA, which allowed SAP to remove aggregate tables and simplify the data model.
35

What is the SAP Fiori Horizon theme?

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Horizon is the current visual theme for SAP Fiori, replacing older themes like Quartz and Belize. It offers a modern look with updated colours, typography, icons and better accessibility, and it has light, dark and high-contrast variants. It is the default theme in recent S/4HANA and BTP releases. Users can change themes in the launchpad settings if the administrator allows it.
36

What is a transport request?

S/4HANA Architecture and LandscapeEasy
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A transport request is a container that records changes made in development, such as configuration or ABAP objects, so they can be moved to quality and production in a controlled way. Workbench requests carry repository objects that are cross-client, and customizing requests carry client-specific configuration. Requests are released in DEV and imported by Basis or a tool such as SAP Cloud ALM or ChaRM. Transaction SE09 or SE10 manages them.
37

What is an SAP system landscape?

S/4HANA Architecture and LandscapeEasy
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A landscape is the set of systems used to develop, test and run SAP. A typical three-system landscape has Development (DEV) for configuration and code, Quality (QAS) for testing, and Production (PRD) for live business. Changes move from DEV to QAS to PRD through transports. Larger landscapes add sandbox, pre-production, training and separate systems such as SAP BW or SAP Gateway.
38

What is key user extensibility in Fiori?

Fiori and SAPUI5 BasicsMedium
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Key user extensibility lets trained business users adapt apps without developers. With Adapt UI they can move, hide or rename fields and groups. With apps such as Custom Fields and Custom Logic they can add new fields to business objects, show them in apps, reports and APIs, and add simple logic in released BAdIs. Changes are transported through the Export Software Collection or adaptation transport organizer.
39

How do you avoid SELECT inside a LOOP in ABAP?

ABAP BasicsMedium
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Read all needed rows once with a join or FOR ALL ENTRIES, then read from the internal table in the loop. SELECT ebeln, ebelp, matnr FROM ekpo WHERE ebeln IN @s_ebeln INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_items). IF lt_items IS NOT INITIAL. SELECT matnr, maktx FROM makt FOR ALL ENTRIES IN @lt_items WHERE matnr = @lt_items-matnr AND spras = @sy-langu INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_text). ENDIF. SORT lt_text BY matnr. Always check the driver table is not empty before FOR ALL ENTRIES.
40

What is ERP and why do businesses use it?

ERP and SAP FundamentalsEasy
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ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is software that runs core business processes such as finance, purchasing, sales, production, inventory and HR on one shared database. Businesses use it to remove separate spreadsheets and disconnected systems, so a sales order, a goods issue and the accounting entry all update the same data in real time. The result is one version of the truth, better control, faster month-end closing and easier compliance with tax and audit rules.

Frequently asked questions

What does a Junior ABAP Developer do?

Builds and maintains custom reports, enhancements, interfaces and forms based on functional specifications. A junior developer writes ABAP with modern syntax, uses the data dictionary, debugs issues, reads CDS views and follows performance and transport rules. Over time the role grows into RAP, CDS modelling and clean core extension work on S/4HANA and BTP.

Which skills are tested in a Junior ABAP Developer interview?

Expect questions on ABAP SQL, Internal tables, Debugging, CDS views, Enhancements. Most rounds also ask you to explain a project and solve one practical problem live.

How do I prepare for a Junior ABAP Developer interview?

Revise ABAP Basics, S/4HANA Architecture and Landscape, Fiori and SAPUI5 Basics first using the topic sheets, practise the questions on this page aloud, then do one full mock interview to practise timing.

Topic sheets for this role

ABAP Basics questionsS/4HANA Architecture and Landscape questionsFiori and SAPUI5 Basics questions

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SAP Associate ConsultantSAP Support AnalystSAP Key User / Power UserSAP Fiori / UI5 DeveloperSAP Solution Architect

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