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Business Analytics Online Assessment Questions & Answers

40 questions for the online assessment stage — 25 easy, 13 medium, 2 hard.

About the online assessment round

Most companies start with an online test: aptitude and reasoning, a few MCQs on core Business Analytics concepts, and one or two short hands-on tasks. It filters a large number of applicants, so speed and accuracy both count.

Tips for the online assessment round

  • Practise under a timer: about one minute per MCQ and 15-20 minutes per hands-on task.
  • Read every option before answering; tests often include two nearly correct choices.
  • Use a stable internet connection, keep your camera on and avoid switching tabs in proctored tests.
  • Attempt the questions you are sure about first, then return to the harder ones.
Solved — online assessmentStart practicing
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01

What is a PESTEL analysis?

Case Studies and GuesstimatesEasy
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PESTEL scans the external environment across Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors. For an electric vehicle maker in India it would cover subsidies and policy, fuel prices and interest rates, consumer attitudes, battery technology, emission targets and safety regulations. It is useful in market entry and strategy cases to spot opportunities and risks beyond the company's control, and pairs well with SWOT.
02

KPI vs metric?

Business Metrics and KPIsEasy
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Every KPI is a metric, but a KPI is tied directly to a strategic goal (e.g. monthly churn). A metric can be any measurement (e.g. page views).
03

What is the debt-to-equity ratio and how do you interpret it?

Financial and Business AnalysisEasy
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Debt-to-equity equals total borrowings divided by shareholders' equity. It shows how much the company relies on borrowed money versus owners' funds. A ratio of 0.5 means 50 paise of debt for every rupee of equity. Higher leverage can boost returns but raises interest burden and risk in downturns. Acceptable levels depend on the industry: utilities and infrastructure carry more debt than software firms. Always read it with interest coverage, which is EBIT divided by interest expense.
04

What is COALESCE in SQL and how does it differ from ISNULL or IFNULL?

SQL for Business AnalysisEasy
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COALESCE returns the first non-NULL value from a list of expressions, for example COALESCE(mobile, landline, 'Not available'). It is ANSI standard and works in all major databases. ISNULL (SQL Server) and IFNULL (MySQL) accept only two arguments and are vendor-specific. Analysts commonly use COALESCE to show zero instead of NULL after a LEFT JOIN, such as COALESCE(SUM(o.amount), 0), so that customers without orders appear with zero revenue.
05

What are fixed costs and variable costs?

Business Metrics and KPIsMedium
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Fixed costs stay constant regardless of volume, such as rent; variable costs change with volume, such as raw materials.
06

What is the 80/20 rule in business analysis?

Case Studies and GuesstimatesMedium
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Pareto principle: about 80% of outcomes come from 20% of causes, such as most revenue from a few customers or most defects from a few issues.
07

What is a market entry strategy case?

Case Studies and GuesstimatesMedium
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Decide whether and how to enter a market by evaluating attractiveness, competition, capabilities and entry mode (build, buy, partner), then risks and next steps.
08

What is the difference between a test scenario and a test case?

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A test scenario is a high-level statement of what to test, usually derived from a business process or user story, such as Customer applies a discount coupon at checkout. A test case is a detailed, executable set of steps with preconditions, test data, expected result and actual result, such as applying an expired coupon to a 1,000 rupee cart shows an expiry message. One scenario usually produces several test cases covering positive, negative and edge conditions.
09

What is an event tracking plan and why does it matter?

Product AnalyticsMedium
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A tracking plan is a document listing every event the product should log, such as 'checkout_started', with its trigger, properties like price, plan or source, naming rules and owner. It keeps data consistent across web, Android and iOS, prevents duplicate or vague events and makes analysis trustworthy. Without one, teams end up with events like 'click1' and 'buttonClick' meaning the same thing, and analysis becomes guesswork.
10

Build a break-even analysis in Excel.

Excel for Business AnalystsMedium
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Break-even units = Fixed costs ÷ (Price − Variable cost per unit). Add a data table to test different price and volume scenarios.
11

SQL: total revenue per month.

SQL for Business AnalysisEasy
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SELECT DATE_TRUNC('month', order_date) AS month, SUM(amount) AS revenue FROM orders GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1; -- MySQL: DATE_FORMAT(order_date, '%Y-%m')
12

What is a power-interest grid and how do you use it?

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A power-interest grid maps stakeholders by how much influence they have over the project and how interested or affected they are. High power and high interest: manage closely with regular involvement. High power, low interest: keep satisfied with concise updates. Low power, high interest: keep informed, for example end users. Low power, low interest: monitor. It helps a BA decide who to consult, how often and in what format.
13

How are OKRs different from KPIs?

Business Metrics and KPIsMedium
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KPIs are ongoing health measures of the business, like monthly revenue, churn or on-time delivery, tracked continuously. OKRs are a goal-setting method: an Objective is a qualitative ambition for a quarter, and Key Results are two to four measurable outcomes that show it was achieved. A KPI that is off track often becomes the subject of an OKR, for example 'reduce churn from 5 to 3 percent this quarter'.
14

What are the 4 Ps of marketing?

Case Studies and GuesstimatesMedium
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Product, Price, Place and Promotion, the levers a business uses to bring an offering to market.
15

You added new rows to the source data, but your PivotTable does not show them even after refresh. Why?

Excel for Business AnalystsEasy
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The PivotTable source is probably a fixed range such as A1:F500, so rows added below 500 are outside it. The fix is to convert the data to an Excel Table with Ctrl+T and change the pivot's data source to the table name, so it expands automatically. Also check for blank header cells, filters on the pivot hiding new items, and whether the new rows are actually text values in a numeric column, which can change grouping.
16

What are dynamic array functions in Excel and how do they help analysts?

Excel for Business AnalystsMedium
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Dynamic array functions return several values that spill into neighbouring cells. UNIQUE lists distinct values, SORT and SORTBY order data, FILTER returns rows meeting conditions, SEQUENCE builds number series, and XLOOKUP can return whole rows. For example =SORT(UNIQUE(FILTER(Sales[Region], Sales[Year]=2026))) builds a live region list. They replace many helper columns and Ctrl+Shift+Enter array formulas, and the # operator references a full spill range.
17

Revenue is 50 crore, cost of goods sold 30 crore, operating expenses 12 crore and depreciation 2 crore. Calculate EBITDA and EBITDA margin.

Financial and Business AnalysisEasy
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Operating expenses here exclude depreciation. Gross profit is 50 - 30 = 20 crore. EBITDA is gross profit minus operating expenses: 20 - 12 = 8 crore. EBITDA margin is 8 / 50 = 16 percent. EBIT is EBITDA minus depreciation, 8 - 2 = 6 crore, which is a 12 percent operating margin. In an interview, state your assumption about whether operating expenses include depreciation, because that changes the answer.
18

What are data objects and data stores in BPMN?

Process Modelling and BPMNMedium
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A data object (page shape with a folded corner) represents information that an activity needs or produces during one process instance, such as an invoice or an application form. It is linked with dotted associations. A data store (cylinder) represents information that persists beyond the process instance, such as the customer database or ERP. Showing them helps developers see which systems are read or updated at each step and helps spot missing integrations.
19

What are dimensions and measures in Tableau?

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Dimensions are qualitative fields such as Region, Category or Customer Name; placing them on a shelf creates headers and splits the view into groups. Measures are numeric fields such as Sales or Quantity that Tableau aggregates, usually with SUM or AVG. Tableau also marks fields as discrete (blue pills, headers) or continuous (green pills, axes). A date can act as either, which changes whether you get separate bars or a continuous trend line.
20

BRD vs FRD?

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A BRD states what the business needs and why. An FRD details how the system should behave to meet those needs (functional specifications).
21

What is the BCG growth-share matrix?

Case Studies and GuesstimatesEasy
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The BCG matrix classifies business units or products by market growth rate and relative market share. Stars have high share in high-growth markets and need investment. Cash cows have high share in slow markets and fund the rest. Question marks have low share in fast markets and need a decision to invest or exit. Dogs have low share in slow markets and are candidates to divest. It guides portfolio resource allocation.
22

What is the difference between alpha testing and beta testing?

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Alpha testing is done internally, by employees or a selected group, in a controlled environment before the product is released to outsiders, and aims to catch major issues early. Beta testing releases the product to a limited group of real external users in real conditions to gather feedback on usability, performance and missing features before general release. For a mobile app, beta often uses store testing tracks, and feedback is fed into the final release backlog.
23

Monthly subscription churn jumped from 3 percent to 5 percent. How do you investigate?

Business Metrics and KPIsMedium
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Confirm the data first: definition changes, failed-payment handling or a billing date shift. Then segment churn by plan, tenure, acquisition channel, city and device to find where it concentrates. Separate voluntary cancellations from involuntary card failures. Look at events before the jump, like a price change, app release or competitor offer, and read cancellation reasons. Recommend targeted fixes, such as payment retries or win-back offers, and track the affected cohort.
24

What are the steps to publish and share a Power BI report with your team?

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Save the .pbix and click Publish, choosing the team workspace. In the Service, set data source credentials and, for on-premises data, configure the gateway. Schedule refresh. Then share by giving workspace access to editors, or package it as an app for viewers, and apply row-level security roles if needed. Finally, check it on web and mobile and send the link with a short note on what each page answers.
25

What is Agile and how does Scrum work?

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Agile delivers value in small increments with feedback. Scrum organises work in sprints with planning, daily stand-ups, review and retrospective, led by a Scrum Master and Product Owner.
26

Write an Excel formula to calculate the monthly EMI for a loan of 10 lakh rupees at 9 percent annual interest for 5 years.

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=PMT(9%/12, 5*12, -1000000) # Returns about 20,758 rupees per month. # rate = annual rate / 12, nper = total months, # pv entered as negative so the EMI shows as positive. # Total interest = EMI * 60 - 1000000.
27

How would you size the market for IT courses in Delhi NCR?

Case Studies and GuesstimatesMedium
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Top-down: NCR population aged 18–30 × share of graduates × share wanting paid upskilling × average fee. Cross-check bottom-up with institutes × batches × students × fees. State your assumptions.
28

What is value stream mapping and how is it different from BPMN?

Process Modelling and BPMNHard
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Value stream mapping is a Lean technique that maps the end-to-end flow of material and information to deliver value to a customer, along with timing data such as process time, wait time and inventory between steps. Its focus is finding waste and calculating lead time. BPMN focuses on precise logic: roles, decisions, events and messages, often detailed enough for automation. Many teams use VSM to find where to improve and BPMN to design the new process.
29

Agile vs Waterfall?

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Waterfall runs fixed phases one after another with requirements frozen early. Agile delivers in short sprints with continuous feedback, so requirements can change. In Agile, BAs maintain the backlog and user stories.
30

What is funnel analysis?

Product AnalyticsEasy
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Funnel analysis measures how many users move through a sequence of steps towards a goal, such as visit, product view, add to cart, checkout and payment, and the conversion and drop-off at each step. It shows where the biggest leak is so the team can focus fixes there. Break funnels down by device, channel and new versus returning users, and define a time window for completing the steps.
31

What is the difference between gross margin and net margin?

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Gross margin is revenue minus cost of goods sold, divided by revenue, and shows how profitable the product itself is. Net margin is net profit after all expenses, including salaries, rent, marketing, interest and tax, divided by revenue. A company can have a healthy 60 percent gross margin but a negative net margin if it overspends on marketing or overheads, which tells you where to look for fixes.
32

SQL: top 5 customers by spend.

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SELECT customer_id, SUM(amount) AS spend FROM orders GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY spend DESC LIMIT 5;
33

What is the difference between a pool and a lane in BPMN?

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A pool represents a separate participant in a process, such as the customer, your company or an external bank. A lane is a subdivision inside a pool, usually a department, role or system, such as Sales, Finance and Warehouse within your company. Sequence flows can cross lanes within one pool, but communication between two pools must be shown with message flows, because separate participants do not share one controlled flow.
34

What is the difference between accrual accounting and cash accounting?

Financial and Business AnalysisMedium
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Under accrual accounting, revenue is recorded when it is earned and expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when cash moves. Under cash accounting, transactions are recorded only when cash is received or paid. Companies in India report under accrual-based standards (Ind AS). Example: an annual software contract billed in April is recognised as revenue month by month over 12 months under accrual, even though all the cash came in April.
35

How would you improve a company's low app conversion rate?

Product AnalyticsMedium
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Map the funnel, find the biggest drop-off, check usability and load time, run A/B tests on fixes and track conversion lift.
36

What is data storytelling and why does it matter for analysts?

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Data storytelling combines data, visuals and narrative so the audience understands what happened, why, and what to do. A good story has context, a clear insight, supporting evidence in one or two simple charts and a recommendation. Accurate numbers alone rarely change decisions; people act when they see the implication. Remove chart clutter, highlight the key point with colour and use titles that state the conclusion.
37

What is the difference between Power BI Desktop, Power BI Service and Power BI Mobile?

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Power BI Desktop is the free Windows app where you connect to data, model it, write DAX and design reports. Power BI Service is the cloud portal where you publish reports, schedule refresh, build dashboards, set permissions and share with users. Power BI Mobile is the phone app for viewing reports on the go. A typical flow is build in Desktop, publish to a Service workspace, and consume on web or mobile.
38

What is backlog refinement and what is the BA's role in it?

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Backlog refinement, also called grooming, is a regular session where the team reviews upcoming backlog items to clarify, split, estimate and order them, so the next sprints have ready work. The BA prepares the stories in advance with business context, acceptance criteria, rules and examples, answers questions from developers and testers, and captures follow-ups. It is usually a short weekly session, not a sprint ceremony.
39

Do a quick SWOT analysis for an ed-tech company.

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Strengths and Weaknesses are internal; Opportunities and Threats are external. Example: S = strong faculty, W = low brand awareness, O = AI upskilling demand, T = free online content.
40

What is the difference between bookings, billings and revenue?

Business Metrics and KPIsHard
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Bookings are the value of contracts signed in a period, showing future commitment. Billings are the amounts invoiced to customers in the period. Revenue is what is earned and recognised under accounting rules as the service is delivered. Example: a 3-year contract worth 36 lakh signed in April is 36 lakh in bookings, 12 lakh in billings if invoiced annually, and only 1 lakh in revenue for April. Confusing them is common when reporting sales performance.

Frequently asked questions

What happens in the Business Analytics online assessment round?

Most companies start with an online test: aptitude and reasoning, a few MCQs on core Business Analytics concepts, and one or two short hands-on tasks. It filters a large number of applicants, so speed and accuracy both count.

How do I clear the online assessment round?

Practise under a timer: about one minute per MCQ and 15-20 minutes per hands-on task. Read every option before answering; tests often include two nearly correct choices. Use a stable internet connection, keep your camera on and avoid switching tabs in proctored tests.

Which round comes next?

A typical order is online assessment, telephonic screening, one or two technical rounds, a managerial round and HR. Use the other round pages to practise each stage.

Practise every interview round

Telephonic Interview questionsTechnical Round questionsManagerial Round questionsRapid-Fire questionsHR & behavioural questionsFull mock interview

More ways to practise

Company-wise Business Analytics questionsPackage-wise Business Analytics questionsExperience-wise Business Analytics questionsRole-wise Business Analytics questionsCity-wise Business Analytics questionsMost asked Business Analytics questionsScenario-based questionsPractical / hands-on questionsHR & behavioural questionsBusiness Analytics mock interviewOnline assessment questionsTechnical round questionsManagerial round questionsBusiness Analytics topic sheets