01
What is CI/CD and how does testing fit?
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Code is built and tested automatically on each change; tests are quality gates that stop faulty builds from moving forward.
Software Testing Online Assessment Questions & Answers
40 questions for the online assessment stage — 15 easy, 25 medium.
About the online assessment round
Most companies start with an online test: aptitude and reasoning, a few MCQs on core Software Testing concepts, and one or two short hands-on tasks. It filters a large number of applicants, so speed and accuracy both count.
Tips for the online assessment round
- Practise under a timer: about one minute per MCQ and 15-20 minutes per hands-on task.
- Read every option before answering; tests often include two nearly correct choices.
- Use a stable internet connection, keep your camera on and avoid switching tabs in proctored tests.
- Attempt the questions you are sure about first, then return to the harder ones.
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02
How do you test zoom, text resizing and reflow?
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Set browser zoom to 200 percent and check that all text is readable and no content or buttons are cut off. Then zoom to 400 percent, or use a 1280 pixel wide window, which gives a 320 CSS pixel viewport; content should reflow into one column without horizontal scrolling, except for things like data tables and maps. Also increase text spacing and the operating system font size to check that labels do not overlap.
03
A user updates their phone number in the app, but the old number still appears in reports. What do you check?
Show answer
First query the main users table to see whether the update was saved. If it was, check where the report reads from: a view, a reporting copy, a cache or a nightly ETL table. The report may simply be stale until the next refresh, which may be by design. If the main table still has the old value, check the API request, the update query and any errors in logs, then log a bug with both query results.
04
What is TDD vs BDD?
Show answer
TDD writes unit tests before code to drive design; BDD describes behaviour in business language scenarios that become automated acceptance tests.
05
Give an example of equivalence partitioning.
Show answer
For a field accepting 1–100: valid class 1–100 (test 50), invalid below 1 (test −5), invalid above 100 (test 150). One value represents each class.
06
What is a keyboard trap?
Show answer
A keyboard trap is when focus moves into a component and the user cannot move out using the keyboard, for example an embedded video player or date picker that captures Tab forever. Mouse users never notice, but keyboard and screen reader users are stuck and must reload the page. It fails WCAG criterion 2.1.2. Test every widget by tabbing in and out, and check that Escape closes popups and returns focus.
07
What is the difference between quality assurance and quality control?
Show answer
Quality assurance is process-oriented and preventive: it sets standards, reviews and checklists so defects are not introduced in the first place. Quality control is product-oriented and detective: it checks the actual build through testing and inspection to find defects. For example, introducing a requirement review checklist is QA, while executing test cases on a release build is QC. Software testing is one activity inside quality control.
08
What is use case testing?
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Designing tests from user flows described in use cases to verify complete real-world interactions.
09
What are implicit waits, explicit waits and auto-waiting?
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An implicit wait, in Selenium, sets a global time the driver keeps retrying to find any element before failing. An explicit wait waits for a specific condition, such as an element being clickable or a spinner disappearing, and is more precise. Auto-waiting, built into Playwright and Cypress, automatically waits for elements to be visible, enabled and stable before acting. Mixing implicit and explicit waits in Selenium can cause unpredictable delays.
10
What is a bug triage meeting?
Show answer
A regular review where QA, development and product assess new bugs and decide severity, priority, owner and target release.
11
How do you test biometric login with fingerprint or face unlock?
Show answer
Test enabling biometrics in app settings after a password login. Verify login with a registered fingerprint or face, and failure with an unregistered one, falling back to PIN or password after the allowed attempts. Remove or add a fingerprint in device settings and check the app asks for re-authentication. Test devices without biometric hardware, disabled biometrics and app behaviour after an OS update or reinstall.
12
What are stubs and drivers?
Show answer
Both are temporary pieces of code used in integration testing when some modules are not ready. A stub replaces a called lower-level module and returns fixed responses, used in top-down testing; for example, a stub payment service that always returns success. A driver replaces a calling higher-level module and sends inputs to the module under test, used in bottom-up testing. In API testing, mock servers play the role of stubs.
13
What is SDLC and STLC?
Show answer
SDLC is the full software development life cycle; STLC is the testing life cycle: requirement analysis, test planning, test design, environment setup, execution and closure.
14
What is root cause analysis for defects?
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Finding why a defect was introduced, such as unclear requirements or missed reviews, to prevent similar defects in future.
15
What is WCAG and what are its conformance levels?
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WCAG, the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines from the W3C, is the main standard for making web content usable by people with disabilities. The current version is WCAG 2.2. It has three conformance levels: A is the minimum, AA is the usual legal and contract target, and AAA is the highest and rarely required for a whole site. Each level adds success criteria, such as colour contrast at AA.
16
How do you calculate test execution progress and pass rate?
Show answer
Execution progress = test cases executed divided by total planned test cases, multiplied by 100. Pass rate = test cases passed divided by test cases executed, multiplied by 100. For example, if 200 cases are planned, 150 are executed and 120 passed, progress is 75 percent and pass rate is 80 percent. Report blocked cases separately because they are neither passed nor failed.
17
What are response time, throughput and latency?
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Response time is the total time from sending a request to receiving the complete response, as the user experiences it. Latency is the delay before the first byte of the response arrives, mostly network and waiting time. Throughput is how many requests or transactions the system handles per unit of time, such as 500 requests per second. Good performance usually means low response time at the required throughput.
18
How do you review test cases?
Show answer
Peer review for clarity, coverage of requirements, correct expected results, test data and traceability, then update and baseline them.
19
How do you test app permissions such as camera, location and contacts?
Show answer
Check that the app asks for permission only when the feature is used, with a clear reason. Test allow, deny, and deny with do not ask again. When denied, the app must not crash and should explain how to enable it in settings. Revoke permission from settings while the app is in background and return. Test allow only once or only while using the app options on newer OS versions.
20
What should a tester verify about HTTPS on a website?
Show answer
Check every page and API uses HTTPS, and plain HTTP redirects to HTTPS. Verify the certificate is valid, not expired, and matches the domain, with no browser warnings. Look for mixed content, where an HTTPS page loads scripts or images over HTTP. Check login and payment forms submit only over HTTPS and that cookies holding session data have the Secure flag.
21
How do you capture screenshots, videos and traces when an automated test fails?
Show answer
Most frameworks support this through configuration. In Playwright, set screenshot to only-on-failure, video to retain-on-failure and trace to on-first-retry in the config, then open the trace viewer to step through actions, network calls and the page state. In Selenium, call save_screenshot in a teardown hook when a test fails. Store these artefacts in CI so anyone can debug the failure without rerunning it.
22
Which basic Git commands should a manual tester learn before working on automation?
Show answer
Start with: git clone to copy the test repository; git pull to get the latest changes; git checkout -b feature/login-tests to create a branch; git status and git diff to see changes; git add and git commit -m to save work with a message; and git push to send the branch so you can raise a pull request for review. Also learn to resolve simple merge conflicts and never commit passwords.
23
Write test cases for a search box.
Show answer
Valid keyword, partial match, no results, special characters, very long text, empty search, case sensitivity, spelling errors, suggestions and speed of results.
24
Write test cases for an ATM withdrawal.
Show answer
Valid card and PIN, wrong PIN, three failed attempts, amount above balance, amount above daily limit, invalid denomination, machine out of cash, network failure and receipt printing.
25
What is data-driven testing?
Show answer
Data-driven testing runs the same test steps many times with different input and expected values taken from a table, CSV, JSON or spreadsheet. For example, one login test can run with valid users, locked users, wrong passwords and blank fields. It reuses the logic, makes adding cases easy and maps well to equivalence partitioning and boundary values from manual design. Tools support it through parameterised tests, such as pytest.mark.parametrize.
26
What is the difference between a story, epic, task and bug in JIRA?
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An epic is a large body of work; stories are user-facing slices of it; tasks are technical work items; bugs are defects.
27
What is the pesticide paradox and how do you counter it?
Show answer
The pesticide paradox says that if you run the same tests again and again, they stop finding new defects, just as pests become resistant to the same pesticide. To counter it, regularly review and update test cases, add new scenarios from recent production bugs, vary test data, and mix scripted runs with exploratory sessions. Rotating testers across modules also brings fresh eyes and new ideas.
28
Write a CSS selector and an XPath for a Login button that has the attribute data-testid='login-btn' and the text Login.
Show answer
/* CSS selector using the test id */
button[data-testid='login-btn']
// XPath using the test id
//button[@data-testid='login-btn']
// XPath using the visible text
//button[normalize-space()='Login']
29
Severity vs priority — with an example.
Show answer
Severity = impact on the system. Priority = urgency to fix.
Logo misspelt on the homepage → low severity, high priority.
Crash in a rarely used report → high severity, low priority.
30
Notifications arrive late, and some screens look broken, only on certain Android phone brands. Why can this happen and what do you test?
Show answer
Android phone makers ship their own skins and settings on top of Android, so the same app can behave differently. Common problems are aggressive battery savers that kill background tasks and delay notifications, different permission screens, custom fonts and display scaling, camera differences and modified WebViews. Pick devices from the brands most used by your audience and test background work, notifications, camera and layout on each.
31
What is software testing and why is it needed?
Show answer
Evaluating software to find defects and confirm it meets requirements. It reduces risk, protects users and saves the cost of fixing bugs after release.
32
What is the use of SQL GROUP BY and HAVING in test validation?
Show answer
They let testers verify totals and counts per category, such as the number of orders per customer, and compare them with the UI or reports.
33
What is a test harness?
Show answer
A test harness is the setup of drivers, stubs, test data, scripts and tools needed to run tests on a component and collect results, especially when the full system is not available. For example, to test a pricing module, a harness can feed it input files, stub the tax service and compare outputs with expected values. In automation, the framework, runner and reporting together are often called the harness.
34
What is the difference between statement coverage and branch coverage?
Show answer
Statement coverage measures the percentage of code statements executed by tests. Branch coverage measures whether every decision outcome, true and false, has been executed. Branch coverage is stronger: for 'if (amount > 1000) applyDiscount()', one test with 1500 gives 100 percent statement coverage, but you need a second test with 500 to cover the false branch. 100 percent branch coverage implies 100 percent statement coverage, not the other way round.
35
What is the waterfall model and where does testing fit in it?
Show answer
Waterfall is a sequential model: requirements, design, development, testing and deployment happen one after another. Testing starts only after development is complete, so defects in requirements or design are found late and are costly to fix. It suits small projects with stable, well-defined requirements. Its weakness for testers is the late feedback, which is why most teams now use Agile or the V-model.
36
When is manual testing a better choice than automation?
Show answer
Manual testing is better for exploratory testing, usability and look-and-feel checks, features that change often, one-time tests and early testing of new functionality. Automation pays off for stable, repetitive tests such as regression suites, data-driven checks and smoke tests run on every build. Most teams combine both: manual for discovery and judgement, automation for speed and repeatability.
37
What are the seven principles of testing?
Show answer
Testing shows presence of defects, exhaustive testing is impossible, test early, defects cluster, the pesticide paradox, testing is context-dependent and absence-of-errors is a fallacy.
38
What is the definition of done?
Show answer
A shared checklist for when a story is complete, usually including code review, tests passing, no open critical bugs and documentation updated.
39
What is regression testing, and when do you automate it?
Show answer
Re-testing existing features after a change. Automate stable, repetitive, high-value flows that run every release.
40
How would you test a pen?
Show answer
First ask what type of pen and who the users are. Functional: it writes smoothly, ink flows without leaking, the cap or click mechanism works and the ink colour matches the label. Non-functional: comfort of grip, writing length before ink runs out, performance at different temperatures and on different paper. Negative: dropping it, pressing hard, leaving it uncapped. Safety: the cap is non-toxic and has an air hole. This shows structured thinking, not just a list.
Frequently asked questions
What happens in the Software Testing online assessment round?
Most companies start with an online test: aptitude and reasoning, a few MCQs on core Software Testing concepts, and one or two short hands-on tasks. It filters a large number of applicants, so speed and accuracy both count.
How do I clear the online assessment round?
Practise under a timer: about one minute per MCQ and 15-20 minutes per hands-on task. Read every option before answering; tests often include two nearly correct choices. Use a stable internet connection, keep your camera on and avoid switching tabs in proctored tests.
Which round comes next?
A typical order is online assessment, telephonic screening, one or two technical rounds, a managerial round and HR. Use the other round pages to practise each stage.
Practise every interview round
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