Are these official university notes?

No. These are original Uncodemy revision notes for Microprocessors and Microcontrollers. They are not issued or approved by AKTU or any other university, and they are not past papers.

Which syllabus do they follow?

They follow the common B.Tech syllabus for Microprocessors and Microcontrollers used by most Indian universities, including AKTU and colleges on the AICTE model curriculum. Unit order and depth differ, so match the notes with your own university syllabus.

Do the notes include the 8051 microcontroller?

Yes. The 8051 unit covers internal RAM and SFRs, interrupts, timers and TMOD, timer delay, serial baud rate and a sample program.

Are assembly programs included?

Yes. There are short 8085 programs such as adding two numbers and a delay loop, and an 8051 program that toggles a port pin.

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Handwritten Notes PDF

Q: Are these Microprocessors and Microcontrollers handwritten notes free?

Yes. Fill in the short form on this page and the PDF downloads right away. There is no fee for the notes.

Key takeaways

Six units covering 8085, 8086, interfacing chips and the 8051.
8085 registers, interrupts, machine cycles and addressing modes are summarised.
Example programs and a delay-loop calculation are worked through.
8051 timers, TMOD, serial baud rate and a sample port program are included.
Original Uncodemy revision notes, not official university notes. Check your own syllabus.

About these handwritten notes

These Microprocessors and Microcontrollers notes are original Uncodemy revision notes, written in a clean handwritten style so they are quick to read before an exam. They follow the common B.Tech syllabus for Microprocessors and Microcontrollers (B.Tech ECE, EEE and CSE, and GATE EC basics). They are not official university notes and not copied from any textbook or past paper.

Topic order, unit numbers and depth vary between universities, so first place each unit below against your own university syllabus. If your syllabus has a topic that is missing here, add it in the margin from your class notes or textbook. Use these notes for revision after you have studied the topic once in class, not as your only study material. They are short on purpose: the aim is to help you recall the main ideas, formulas and diagrams quickly, so that your exam time goes into writing good answers.

What's inside the Microprocessors and Microcontrollers notes

The notes follow the usual order: the 8085 first, then the 8086, interfacing chips and finally the 8051 microcontroller. Each unit has register tables, small programs and worked calculations.

Unit 1: Introduction. Microprocessor vs microcontroller, buses and the basic structure of a microcomputer.
Unit 2: 8085 Architecture. Registers and flags, interrupts with vector addresses and priority, and machine cycles and timing.
Unit 3: 8085 Instruction Set and Programming. Addressing modes, instruction groups, an addition program and delay loop calculation.
Unit 4: 8086 Architecture. BIU and EU, segment registers, physical address calculation, minimum and maximum modes, and 8085 vs 8086.
Unit 5: Peripheral Interfacing Chips. 8255 PPI modes and control word, memory interfacing and address decoding, and other common chips.
Unit 6: 8051 Microcontroller. Internal RAM and SFRs, interrupts, timers and TMOD, timer delay, serial baud rate and a sample program.

The last page of the PDF lists the most asked practice questions for the whole subject, so you can test yourself after finishing all the units.

Formulas and solved examples in the PDF

Formula boxes cover the 8086 physical address (segment x 10H + offset), delay loop T-states, memory size and address lines, timer reload values and the 8051 baud rate. Solved examples include a delay loop, a physical address for CS = 2000H and IP = 1234H, address lines for a 4 KB chip, an 8051 timer delay and 9600 baud with an 11.0592 MHz crystal.

How to revise Microprocessors and Microcontrollers with handwritten notes

Handwritten-style notes work best when you read actively. Keep a pen and a rough notebook beside you, cover the formula or diagram, and try to write it yourself before you look.

Write the 8085 interrupt table (vector address, priority, maskable or not) from memory until it is correct every time.
Trace each sample program by hand with a register and flag table. This is the best way to catch logic errors.
For timing diagrams, practise MVI and LDA once each. Most exam timing questions follow the same pattern.
For the 8051, keep TMOD bits, timer modes and the baud rate steps on one page.

In the last week, read only the formula boxes and exam tips, and solve one numerical or long question per unit from memory. If you study with friends, ask each other to explain one diagram or derivation aloud. Explaining a topic is the fastest way to find the gaps in it.

A short revision plan

If your exam is about a week away, this plan covers every unit in the PDF once and leaves time for practice. Stretch it over two weeks if you are starting from scratch.

Day 1: Introduction, 8085 Architecture.
Day 2: 8085 Instruction Set and Programming, 8086 Architecture.
Day 3: Peripheral Interfacing Chips, 8051 Microcontroller.
Day 4: Solve the practice questions in the exam focus section below, one per unit, without the notes.
Day 5: Read only the formula boxes and exam tips, redo the numericals you got wrong, and sleep early.

Common mistakes to avoid

Forgetting that the 8051 timer counts machine cycles, which are the crystal frequency divided by 12.
Leaving out the extra T-states when the branch is not taken in a delay loop count.
Writing the 8086 physical address without shifting the segment value left by one hex digit.
Mixing up which flags an instruction affects. INR and DCR do not change the carry flag.

How Microprocessors and Microcontrollers links to other subjects

This subject builds on Digital Electronics and Computer Organization. It leads directly into Embedded Systems, IoT and robotics, where the same ideas are used on modern ARM microcontrollers.

Exam focus: high-weightage topics

University papers usually give the most weight to 8085 architecture and interrupts, timing diagrams, 8085 programs and delay calculations, 8086 architecture and addressing, the 8255 and 8051 timers and serial communication. GATE EC questions here are few but quick: flags, T-states, delay counts and address decoding.

Typical long and numerical questions to practise:

Draw the architecture of the 8085 and explain each block.
Explain the interrupts of the 8085 with vector addresses and priority.
Draw the timing diagram of MVI A, 32H and LDA 2050H.
Write an 8085 program to find the largest number in an array, and calculate the delay of a given loop.
Explain the BIU and EU of the 8086 and find the physical address for a given CS and IP.
Find TH and TL values for a given 8051 timer delay and TH1 for a given baud rate.

When you write a long answer, start with a one-line definition, draw the diagram or circuit, write the derivation in clear steps and end with the final result and its unit. For numericals, write the formula first, then substitute, so you can still earn step marks if the arithmetic slips.

These are practice questions based on common syllabus topics. They are not verified past papers, and we do not claim any question will appear in your exam. For real previous papers, use your university's official archive.

Who these notes are for

These notes are for B.Tech ECE, EEE and CSE students preparing for their Microprocessors, Microprocessors and Interfacing or Microcontrollers semester exam, and for students revising GATE EC basics such as flags, T-states and address decoding. They are also useful in lab viva preparation, where 8085 and 8051 programs are often asked.

Download Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Handwritten Notes PDF