Malware (Viruses, Worms, Trojans, Ransomware, Spyware)
What Is Malware?
Malware, short for malicious software, is any program designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to a system. It comes in many forms, each with a distinct method of infection and impact.
Types of Malware
| Type | How It Behaves |
|---|---|
| Virus | Attaches to legitimate files and spreads when those files run |
| Worm | Self-replicates and spreads across networks without user action |
| Trojan | Disguises itself as legitimate software to trick users into installing it |
| Ransomware | Encrypts a victim's data and demands payment for its release |
| Spyware | Secretly monitors and collects user activity and data |
How Malware Spreads
Malware commonly spreads through infected email attachments, malicious downloads, compromised websites, or removable media - often relying on some form of user action to trigger the initial infection.
Basic Malware Defense
Reliable defense against malware combines updated antivirus software, regular system patching, cautious handling of email attachments, and keeping regular backups so ransomware can't hold data hostage.
While malware often relies on technical infection methods, many attacks instead target people directly - starting with phishing attacks.
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