Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
What Is Multi-Factor Authentication?
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) requires users to verify their identity using two or more independent factors, significantly reducing the risk of unauthorized access even if one factor, such as a password, is compromised.
The Three Factor Categories
| Factor Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Something You Know | Password or PIN |
| Something You Have | OTP app, security token, smartphone |
| Something You Are | Fingerprint, facial recognition |
Why MFA Matters
Since passwords alone can be stolen, guessed, or leaked in data breaches, requiring an additional independent factor makes it far harder for attackers to gain access, even with valid credentials in hand.
Common MFA Methods
Popular implementations include SMS or app-based one-time passwords, authenticator apps like Google Authenticator, hardware security keys, and biometric verification.
MFA strengthens the login process itself, while access control models determine exactly what a verified user is allowed to see and do once inside.
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