01
What is a traceability matrix?
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A table linking each requirement to design, test cases and delivery status, ensuring nothing is missed and helping assess change impact.
Walmart Business Analytics Interview Questions & Answers
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02
How would you forecast next quarter's sales in Excel?
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Use FORECAST.ETS or a trendline on monthly history, check seasonality, compare with a simple moving average and present a range, not a single number.
03
What is a process flow and which tools do you use?
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A diagram of steps, decisions and owners in a process, made using BPMN or flowcharts in tools like Visio, Lucidchart or draw.io.
04
What does a Business Analyst do?
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A BA bridges business and technology: gathers requirements, analyses data and processes, documents BRD/FRD and makes sure the final solution actually solves the business problem.
05
What is root cause analysis and which techniques do you know?
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Finding the underlying reason for a problem using the 5 Whys, fishbone diagrams or Pareto analysis, then fixing the cause not the symptom.
06
A bank wants to reduce customer churn. What would you do?
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Define churn, analyse who leaves and why, segment customers, find drivers through data and surveys, design retention offers and measure uplift with a control group.
07
What is the role of a BA in Scrum?
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They help the Product Owner refine the backlog, write stories and acceptance criteria, clarify details with developers and support testing and demos.
08
Do a quick SWOT analysis for an ed-tech company.
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Strengths and Weaknesses are internal; Opportunities and Threats are external. Example: S = strong faculty, W = low brand awareness, O = AI upskilling demand, T = free online content.
09
Write a user story with acceptance criteria for password reset.
Show answer
As a customer, I want to reset my password by email so that I can get back into my account.
Acceptance criteria:
• Reset link expires in 15 minutes
• Password rules are shown while typing
• A success message appears after reset
10
What is Power Pivot?
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An Excel add-in for building data models with relationships and DAX measures over millions of rows, beyond normal worksheet limits.
11
What is the use of the IFERROR function?
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It returns a custom value when a formula errors out, keeping reports clean, for example =IFERROR(VLOOKUP(...), "Not found").
12
BRD vs FRD?
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A BRD states what the business needs and why. An FRD details how the system should behave to meet those needs (functional specifications).
13
What is a user story and what makes it good?
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A short requirement written as 'As a user, I want X so that Y', backed by acceptance criteria. Good stories follow INVEST: independent, negotiable, valuable, estimable, small and testable.
14
Should a food-delivery app launch in a new city?
Show answer
Check market size (population, online ordering share), competition, restaurant supply, unit economics per order, CAC and payback period. Propose a pilot with clear success metrics.
15
What is Kano model in prioritisation?
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A model classifying features as basic, performance or delight attributes based on how they affect customer satisfaction, helping decide what to build first.
16
A food delivery company's orders fell 15%. How do you investigate?
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Check data accuracy, then segment by city, restaurant, time and user type; look at supply, delivery time, pricing, competitors and seasonality before proposing fixes.
17
What is a product backlog vs a sprint backlog?
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The product backlog is the ordered list of all desired work; the sprint backlog is the subset the team commits to in the current sprint.
18
What are the 4 Ps of marketing?
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Product, Price, Place and Promotion, the levers a business uses to bring an offering to market.
19
What is Agile and how does Scrum work?
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Agile delivers value in small increments with feedback. Scrum organises work in sprints with planning, daily stand-ups, review and retrospective, led by a Scrum Master and Product Owner.
20
How do you find the top 5 customers by revenue?
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SELECT customer_id, SUM(amount) AS revenue FROM orders GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY revenue DESC LIMIT 5;
21
How do you validate data before analysis?
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Check row counts against the source, nulls, duplicates on keys, value ranges, date coverage and that totals reconcile with finance reports.
22
How would you prioritise 10 features with a limited budget?
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Score them with RICE or value-vs-effort, align with goals, consider dependencies and risks, validate with stakeholders, then use MoSCoW for the release plan.
23
What is a stakeholder and who are the typical stakeholders in a project?
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Anyone affected by or influencing the project: sponsors, product owners, end users, developers, testers, operations and customers.
24
How would you improve a company's low app conversion rate?
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Map the funnel, find the biggest drop-off, check usability and load time, run A/B tests on fixes and track conversion lift.
25
What are fixed costs and variable costs?
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Fixed costs stay constant regardless of volume, such as rent; variable costs change with volume, such as raw materials.
26
How do you handle large datasets in Excel?
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Use tables, Power Query, remove volatile functions, filter before calculating and move to Power Pivot or a database when rows reach the millions.
27
Tell me about a time you handled a difficult stakeholder.
Show answer
Use STAR: Situation, Task, Action, Result. Show that you listened, found the underlying goal, used data to align people and reached a documented decision.
28
How would you build a simple financial model in Excel?
Show answer
Separate inputs, calculations and outputs, link all formulas to input cells, add scenarios and checks, and avoid hard-coded numbers inside formulas.
29
What is sensitivity analysis?
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Testing how changes in key inputs such as price or volume affect the output, in Excel using data tables or scenario manager.
30
How do you calculate monthly revenue growth in SQL?
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Aggregate revenue per month and use LAG(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY month) to compute (revenue - previous) / previous.
31
How do you handle changing requirements?
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Log the change, assess impact on scope, cost and timeline, get approval through change control or backlog grooming, and update documents and stakeholders.
32
How would you measure the success of a new feature?
Show answer
Define a goal metric, a baseline and guardrail metrics, run an experiment or before-after comparison and review adoption, retention and revenue impact.
33
What is customer lifetime value?
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The total profit expected from a customer over the relationship, roughly average margin x purchase frequency x lifespan, compared with acquisition cost.
34
How do you handle NULL values when calculating averages?
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AVG ignores NULLs; use COALESCE(col, 0) if NULLs should count as zero, depending on the business meaning.
35
How do you compute CAGR in Excel?
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CAGR = (End value / Start value)^(1/years) - 1, entered as =(B2/A2)^(1/n)-1.
36
How do you prioritise requirements?
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Use MoSCoW (Must, Should, Could, Won't), value versus effort scoring or the Kano model, agreed with stakeholders based on business value and risk.
37
What is scope creep and how do you control it?
Show answer
Uncontrolled growth of requirements. Control it with a clear scope statement, change control process, impact analysis and sponsor approval for additions.
38
Use case vs user story?
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A use case describes the full interaction between an actor and the system (main and alternate flows). A user story is a short statement of need from the user's point of view, refined with acceptance criteria.
39
How do you write a query to find users active in consecutive months?
Show answer
Get distinct user-month pairs, self-join or use LAG on month per user, and keep rows where the previous month is exactly one month earlier.
40
Stakeholders give conflicting requirements. What do you do?
Show answer
Clarify the goal behind each request, map them to business objectives, prioritise with MoSCoW, run a joint session, then document the decision and get sign-off.
41
What does GROUP BY do and how is HAVING different from WHERE?
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GROUP BY aggregates rows by column; WHERE filters before grouping and HAVING filters after, using aggregate conditions.
42
What is the difference between XLOOKUP and INDEX-MATCH?
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Both look up values flexibly; XLOOKUP is simpler with built-in not-found handling, while INDEX-MATCH works in older Excel versions.
43
How do you approach a guesstimate question?
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Clarify the scope, break the problem into logical parts, state assumptions with round numbers, compute step by step and sanity-check the answer.
44
Which Excel functions do business analysts use daily?
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VLOOKUP or XLOOKUP, INDEX-MATCH, SUMIFS, COUNTIFS, IF, text functions, PivotTables and charts.
45
Guesstimate: how many pizzas are sold in Mumbai on a weekend?
Show answer
About 20 million people, roughly 10% order pizza on a weekend, about 1 pizza per 2 people in an order. This gives roughly 1 million pizzas, adjusted for outlets and delivery capacity.
46
What is a KPI and give examples for an e-commerce business?
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A measurable value showing progress to a goal, such as conversion rate, average order value, cart abandonment rate and customer retention.
47
How do you chart a trend with a target line?
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Create a line or column chart of actuals and add the target as another series formatted as a line.
48
Which what-if analysis tools does Excel have?
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Goal Seek (find the input for a target output), Data Tables (see outputs for many inputs) and Scenario Manager (save best, base and worst cases).
49
What is a RACI matrix?
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A table assigning Responsible, Accountable, Consulted and Informed roles per task so ownership is clear.
50
What is a stakeholder analysis?
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Identifying everyone affected by the project and mapping their influence and interest to decide how to communicate with and involve each group.
51
How would you size the market for IT courses in Delhi NCR?
Show answer
Top-down: NCR population aged 18–30 × share of graduates × share wanting paid upskilling × average fee. Cross-check bottom-up with institutes × batches × students × fees. State your assumptions.
52
How do you calculate the percentage contribution of each category?
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SUM(sales) per category divided by SUM(SUM(sales)) OVER () and multiplied by 100 gives each category's share of the total.
53
What is the profit equation and how do you use it in cases?
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Profit = Revenue minus Cost, where revenue = price x volume and cost = fixed + variable. Split each part to find which one explains a change.
54
How do you protect a worksheet or workbook?
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Review > Protect Sheet or Workbook with a password, lock cells, hide formulas and allow only selected cells to be edited.
55
What is a primary key?
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A column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table and cannot contain NULL.
56
What is the 80/20 rule in business analysis?
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Pareto principle: about 80% of outcomes come from 20% of causes, such as most revenue from a few customers or most defects from a few issues.
57
How do you validate that a report's numbers are correct?
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Reconcile totals with source tables using SQL, check filters and joins for duplication, compare with prior periods and verify with business owners.
58
What is the difference between revenue and profit?
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Revenue is total money from sales; profit is what remains after subtracting all costs and expenses.
59
How do you create a dashboard in Excel?
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Prepare clean data, build PivotTables and PivotCharts, add KPI cards and slicers, and arrange everything on one sheet with a clear layout.
60
How do you build a forecast in Excel?
Show answer
Use historical data with FORECAST.ETS or trend lines, state assumptions, compare against actuals and show best, base and worst scenarios.
61
What is a CTE?
Show answer
A named temporary result introduced with WITH that makes long queries readable and reusable in the same statement.
62
What is a data table in Excel?
Show answer
A what-if tool that recalculates a formula for different inputs, for example loan payments across different rates and tenures.