Encryption (Symmetric, Asymmetric, Hashing)

What Is Encryption?

Encryption is the process of converting readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using an algorithm and a key, so that only authorized parties with the correct key can access the original information.

Symmetric Encryption

Symmetric encryption uses a single shared key for both encryption and decryption. It is fast and efficient for large volumes of data, but securely distributing the shared key between parties can be challenging. Common examples include AES and DES.

Asymmetric Encryption

Asymmetric encryption uses a mathematically linked key pair - a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. This removes the need to share a secret key but is computationally slower than symmetric encryption. RSA and ECC are widely used examples.

Hashing

Hashing is a one-way function that converts data into a fixed-length string called a hash value. Unlike encryption, hashing cannot be reversed, making it ideal for verifying data integrity and storing passwords securely. Common algorithms include SHA-256 and bcrypt.