Network Segmentation and Isolation
What Is Network Segmentation?
Network segmentation is the practice of dividing a larger network into smaller, isolated sub-networks or segments, each with its own security controls, to limit how far an attacker can move if one segment is compromised.
Why Segmentation Matters
Without segmentation, a single compromised device can potentially provide an attacker access to an entire network. Segmentation contains breaches by restricting lateral movement between different parts of the network.
Common Segmentation Techniques
| Technique | Description |
|---|---|
| VLANs | Logically separate traffic on shared physical infrastructure |
| Subnetting | Divides a network into smaller IP address ranges |
| Micro-segmentation | Applies granular security policies down to individual workloads |
| DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) | Isolates public-facing servers from the internal network |
Isolation as a Defense Strategy
Isolating critical systems - such as databases or industrial control systems - from general user traffic reduces their exposure to threats and makes it easier to monitor and control access to sensitive resources.
Segmenting wired networks reduces the blast radius of an attack, and the same principle of controlled, isolated access applies just as importantly to wireless networks.
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