Sort and Filter
Sort and Filter tools let you reorganize and narrow down data without changing the underlying values - essential for exploring any sizeable dataset.
Sorting Data
Select the data -> Data tab -> Sort -> choose column and order (A to Z / Z to A)
Sorting by multiple columns is done through the same dialog by clicking Add Level - for example, sorting by City first and then by Sales within each city.
AutoFilter
Select the header row -> Data tab -> Filter
This adds dropdown arrows to each column header, letting you filter by specific values, text criteria, number ranges, or dates.
Filtering by Color or Custom Criteria
The dropdown menu also offers Filter by Color and Custom Filters, which let you build conditions like "greater than 1000" or "contains Excel".
Clearing Filters
Data tab -> Clear (removes all active filters without removing the dropdown arrows)
Sorting rearranges the actual rows in your worksheet, while filtering only hides non-matching rows temporarily - always keep a copy of the original order if sorting is not easily reversible.