Java Exceptions

What is an Exception?

An exception is an event that disrupts the normal flow of a program, such as dividing by zero or accessing a null object.

Handling Exceptions

try {
    int result = 10 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
    System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
} finally {
    System.out.println("Always runs");
}

Checked vs Unchecked Exceptions

Checked exceptions (like IOException) must be declared or handled explicitly; unchecked exceptions (like NullPointerException) are not required to be declared.

Why Testers Care

Proper exception handling in automation scripts prevents one failed step (like a missing response field) from crashing the entire test run without a clear error message.