Page Object Model (POM)

What is POM?

The Page Object Model is a design pattern where each web page (or component) is represented as a Java class, encapsulating its locators and the actions that can be performed on it.

Example

public class LoginPage {
    WebDriver driver;
    By username = By.id("username");
    By password = By.id("password");
    By loginBtn = By.id("login");

    public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) { this.driver = driver; }

    public void login(String user, String pass) {
        driver.findElement(username).sendKeys(user);
        driver.findElement(password).sendKeys(pass);
        driver.findElement(loginBtn).click();
    }
}

Why POM Is Widely Used

If a locator changes, it only needs updating in one page class rather than in every test that uses it — dramatically improving maintainability as a suite grows.