Switch Commands: Switching Windows/Tabs and Alerts

Switching Between Windows/Tabs

String mainWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
    if (!handle.equals(mainWindow)) {
        driver.switchTo().window(handle);
    }
}

Switching to an Alert

driver.switchTo().alert();

Switching to a Frame

driver.switchTo().frame("frameName");
driver.switchTo().defaultContent(); // back to main page

Why This Matters

WebDriver only interacts with one browsing context at a time, so explicitly switching context is required whenever a test needs to work with a new window, alert, or frame.